Drive Atlas

A powerful server drive mapping tool that generates visual ASCII representations of server layouts and provides comprehensive drive information. Maps physical drive bays to logical Linux device names using PCI bus paths for reliable, persistent identification.

Features

• 🗺️ Visual ASCII art maps showing physical drive bay layouts
• 🔗 Persistent drive identification using PCI paths (not device letters)
• 🌡️ SMART health monitoring with temperature and status
• 💾 Multi-drive support for SATA, NVMe, SAS, and USB drives
• 🏷️ Serial number tracking for physical verification
• 📊 Bay-sorted output matching physical layout
• 🔵 Ceph integration showing OSD IDs and up/in status
• 🥾 Boot drive detection identifying system drives
• 🖥️ Per-server configuration for accurate physical-to-logical mapping

Quick Start

Execute remotely using curl:

bash <(curl -s http://10.10.10.63:3000/LotusGuild/driveAtlas/raw/branch/main/driveAtlas.sh)

Or using wget:

bash <(wget -qO- http://10.10.10.63:3000/LotusGuild/driveAtlas/raw/branch/main/driveAtlas.sh)

Requirements

• Linux environment with bash
• sudo privileges for SMART operations
• smartctl (from smartmontools package)
• lsblk and lspci (typically pre-installed)
• Optional: nvme-cli for NVMe drives
• Optional: ceph-volume and ceph for Ceph OSD tracking

Server Configurations

Chassis Types

Chassis Type	Description	Servers Using It
10-Bay Hot-swap	Sliger CX471225 4U 10x 3.5" NAS (with unused 2x 5.25" bays)	compute-storage-01, compute-storage-gpu-01, storage-01
Large1 Grid	Unique 3x5 grid layout (1/1 configuration)	large1
Micro	Compact 2-drive layout	micro1, monitor-02

Server Details

compute-storage-01 (formerly medium2)

• Chassis: Sliger CX471225 4U (10-Bay Hot-swap)
• Motherboard: B650D4U3-2Q/BCM
• Controllers:
  • 01:00.0 - LSI SAS3008 HBA (bays 5-10 via 2x mini-SAS HD)
  • 0d:00.0 - AMD SATA controller (bays 1-4)
  • 0e:00.0 - M.2 NVMe slot
• Status: ✅ Fully mapped and verified

storage-01

• Chassis: Sliger CX471225 4U (10-Bay Hot-swap)
• Motherboard: Different from compute-storage-01
• Controllers: Motherboard SATA only (no HBA currently)
• Status: ⚠️ Requires PCI path mapping

large1

• Chassis: Unique 3x5 grid (15 bays total)
• Note: 1/1 configuration, will not be replicated
• Status: ⚠️ Requires PCI path mapping

compute-storage-gpu-01

• Chassis: Sliger CX471225 4U (10-Bay Hot-swap)
• Motherboard: Same as compute-storage-01
• Status: ⚠️ Requires PCI path mapping

Output Example

┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│  compute-storage-01 - 10-Bay Hot-swap Chassis                                                                                    │
│                                                                                                                                │
│    M.2 NVMe: nvme0n1                                                                                                             │
│                                                                                                                                │
│    Front Hot-swap Bays:                                                                                                        │
│                                                                                                                                │
│    ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐ ┌──────────┐   │
│    │1 :sdh    │ │2 :sdg    │ │3 :sdi    │ │4 :sdj    │ │5 :sde    │ │6 :sdf    │ │7 :sdd    │ │8 :sda    │ │9 :sdc    │ │10:sdb    │   │
│    └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘ └──────────┘   │
└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

=== Drive Details with SMART Status (by Bay Position) ===
BAY   DEVICE          SIZE       TYPE     TEMP     HEALTH   MODEL                          SERIAL               CEPH OSD     STATUS     USAGE
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1     /dev/sdh        223.6G     SSD      27°C    ✓      Crucial_CT240M500SSD1          14130C0E06DD         -            -          /boot/efi
2     /dev/sdg         1.8T      HDD      26°C    ✓      ST2000DM001-1ER164             Z4ZC4B6R             osd.25       up/in      -
3     /dev/sdi        12.7T      HDD      29°C    ✓      OOS14000G                      000DXND6             osd.9        up/in      -
...

How It Works

PCI Path-Based Mapping

Drive Atlas uses /dev/disk/by-path/ to create persistent mappings between physical drive bays and Linux device names. This is superior to using device letters (sda, sdb, etc.) which can change between boots.

Example PCI path:

pci-0000:01:00.0-sas-phy6-lun-0 → /dev/sde → Bay 5

This tells us:

• 0000:01:00.0 - PCI bus address of the LSI SAS3008 HBA
• sas-phy6 - SAS PHY 6 on that controller
• lun-0 - Logical Unit Number
• Maps to physical bay 5 on compute-storage-01

Configuration

Server mappings are defined in the SERVER_MAPPINGS associative array in driveAtlas.sh:

declare -A SERVER_MAPPINGS=(
    ["compute-storage-01"]="
        pci-0000:0d:00.0-ata-2 1
        pci-0000:0d:00.0-ata-1 2
        pci-0000:01:00.0-sas-phy6-lun-0 5
        pci-0000:0e:00.0-nvme-1 m2-1
    "
)

Setting Up a New Server

Step 1: Run Diagnostic Script

First, gather PCI path information:

bash diagnose-drives.sh > server-diagnostic.txt

This will show all available PCI paths and their associated drives.

Step 2: Physical Bay Identification

For each populated drive bay:

1. Note the physical bay number (labeled on chassis)
2. Run the main script to see serial numbers
3. Match visible serial numbers on drives to the output
4. Map PCI paths to bay numbers

Pro tip: The script shows serial numbers - compare them to visible labels on drive trays to verify physical locations.

Step 3: Create Mapping

Add a new entry to SERVER_MAPPINGS in driveAtlas.sh:

["your-hostname"]="
    pci-0000:XX:XX.X-ata-1 1
    pci-0000:XX:XX.X-ata-2 2
    # ... etc
"

Also add the chassis type to CHASSIS_TYPES:

["your-hostname"]="10bay"

Step 4: Test

Run the main script and verify the layout matches your physical configuration:

bash driveAtlas.sh

Use debug mode to see the mappings:

DEBUG=1 bash driveAtlas.sh

Output Columns Explained

Column	Description
BAY	Physical bay number (1-10, m2-1, etc.)
DEVICE	Linux device name (/dev/sdX, /dev/nvmeXnY)
SIZE	Drive capacity
TYPE	SSD or HDD (detected via SMART)
TEMP	Current temperature from SMART
HEALTH	SMART health status (✓ = passed, ✗ = failed)
MODEL	Drive model number
SERIAL	Drive serial number (for physical verification)
CEPH OSD	Ceph OSD ID if drive hosts an OSD
STATUS	Ceph OSD status (up/in, down/out, etc.)
USAGE	Mount point or "BOOT" for system drive

Troubleshooting

Drive shows as EMPTY but is physically present

• Check if the drive is detected: ls -la /dev/disk/by-path/
• Verify the PCI path in the mapping matches the actual path
• Ensure the drive has power and SATA/power connections are secure

PCI paths don't match between servers with "identical" hardware

• Even identical motherboards can have different PCI addressing
• BIOS settings can affect PCI enumeration
• HBA installation in different PCIe slots changes addresses
• Cable routing to different SATA ports changes the ata-N or phy-N number

SMART data not showing

• Ensure smartmontools is installed: sudo apt install smartmontools
• Some drives don't report temperature
• USB-connected drives may not support SMART
• Run sudo smartctl -i /dev/sdX manually to check

Ceph OSD status shows "unknown/out"

• Ensure ceph and ceph-volume commands are available
• Check if the Ceph cluster is healthy: ceph -s
• Verify OSD is actually up: ceph osd tree

Serial numbers don't match visible labels

• Some manufacturers use different serials for SMART vs. physical labels
• Cross-reference by drive model and size
• Use the removal method: power down, remove drive, check which bay becomes EMPTY

Files

• driveAtlas.sh - Main script
• diagnose-drives.sh - PCI path diagnostic tool
• README.md - This file
• CLAUDE.md - AI-assisted development notes
• todo.txt - Development notes and task tracking

Contributing

When adding support for a new server:

1. Run diagnose-drives.sh and save output
2. Physically label or identify drives by serial number
3. Create mapping in SERVER_MAPPINGS
4. Test thoroughly
5. Document any unique hardware configurations
6. Update this README

Technical Notes

Why PCI Paths?

Linux device names (sda, sdb, etc.) are assigned in discovery order, which can change:

• Between kernel versions
• After BIOS updates
• When drives are added/removed
• Due to timing variations at boot

PCI paths are deterministic and based on physical hardware topology.

Bay Numbering Conventions

• 10-bay chassis: Bays numbered 1-10 (left to right, typically)
• M.2 slots: Labeled as m2-1, m2-2, etc.
• USB drives: Labeled as usb1, usb2, etc.
• Large1: Grid numbering 1-15 (documented in mapping)

Ceph Integration

The script automatically detects Ceph OSDs using:

1. ceph-volume lvm list to map devices to OSD IDs
2. ceph osd tree to get up/down and in/out status

Status format: up/in means OSD is running and participating in the cluster.