feat(lotus-denoise): AGC off for ML tier + init/build leak hardening

AEC/AGC audit fix + two hardening items from the engine review.

- Add an `autoGainControl` capture param (UrlParams -> CallViewModel ->
  ConnectionFactory audioCaptureDefaults), mirroring echoCancellation/
  noiseSuppression. Defaults true (unchanged); the host sets it false only for
  the ML tier so the browser's auto gain control doesn't fight the in-source ML
  denoiser (pumping). Echo cancellation stays on. Tests cover the URL parse and
  the audioCaptureDefaults wiring.
- L1: init() now closes the owned AudioContext on a build failure (was orphaned;
  browsers cap live contexts, so repeated failures could exhaust them).
- L2: buildGraph() disposes its partially-built nodes on failure (disposeGraph
  previously only cleaned the prior graph).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

src/UrlParams.test.ts

@@ -391,6 +391,21 @@ describe("UrlParams", () => {
     });
   });
 
+  describe("autoGainControl", () => {
+    it("defaults to true", () => {
+      expect(computeUrlParams().autoGainControl).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it("is parsed", () => {
+      expect(computeUrlParams("?autoGainControl=true").autoGainControl).toBe(
+        true,
+      );
+      expect(computeUrlParams("?autoGainControl=false").autoGainControl).toBe(
+        false,
+      );
+    });
+  });
+
   describe("header", () => {
     it("uses header if provided", () => {
       expect(computeUrlParams("?header=app_bar&hideHeader=true").header).toBe(

src/UrlParams.ts

@@ -239,6 +239,12 @@ export interface UrlConfiguration {
    * Defaults to true.
    */
   noiseSuppression?: boolean;
+  /**
+   * Whether to enable auto gain control for audio capture.
+   * Defaults to true. Lotus turns this OFF for the in-source ML denoise tier so
+   * the browser's dynamic gain doesn't fight the ML model (pumping artifacts).
+   */
+  autoGainControl?: boolean;
 
   callIntent?: RTCCallIntent;
 }
@@ -485,6 +491,7 @@ export const computeUrlParams = (search = "", hash = ""): UrlParams => {
     autoLeaveWhenOthersLeft: parser.getFlag("autoLeave"),
     noiseSuppression: parser.getFlagParam("noiseSuppression", true),
     echoCancellation: parser.getFlagParam("echoCancellation", true),
+    autoGainControl: parser.getFlagParam("autoGainControl", true),
   };
 
   // Log the final configuration for debugging purposes.

src/lotus/lotusDenoiseProcessor.ts

@@ -158,9 +158,17 @@ export class LotusDenoiseProcessor
   public constructor(private readonly config: LotusDenoiseConfig) {}
 
   public async init(_opts: AudioProcessorOptions): Promise<void> {
-    await this.ensureContext();
+    try {
-    this.graph = await this.buildGraph(_opts.track);
+      await this.ensureContext();
-    this.processedTrack = this.graph.track;
+      this.graph = await this.buildGraph(_opts.track);
+      this.processedTrack = this.graph.track;
+    } catch (e) {
+      // Don't orphan the owned context if graph construction fails (browsers
+      // cap live AudioContexts, so repeated failed inits could exhaust them).
+      // The caller degrades to the raw mic; we just release our resources.
+      await this.closeContext();
+      throw e;
+    }
   }
 
   public async restart(opts: AudioProcessorOptions): Promise<void> {
@@ -249,63 +257,78 @@ export class LotusDenoiseProcessor
     const nodes: AudioNode[] = [];
     const disposes: (() => void)[] = [];
 
-    // Wet (denoised) path: source → ml → [gate] → wetGain.
+    try {
-    const ml = await this.buildMlNode(ctx);
+      // Wet (denoised) path: source → ml → [gate] → wetGain.
-    source.connect(ml.node);
+      const ml = await this.buildMlNode(ctx);
-    nodes.push(ml.node);
+      source.connect(ml.node);
-    if (ml.dispose) disposes.push(ml.dispose);
+      nodes.push(ml.node);
-    let wetHead: AudioNode = ml.node;
+      if (ml.dispose) disposes.push(ml.dispose);
+      let wetHead: AudioNode = ml.node;
 
-    // Gate AFTER the ML model, not before: gating the raw noisy signal fed hard
+      // Gate AFTER the ML model, not before: gating the raw noisy signal fed
-    // zeroed frames into the model (discontinuities it must fight) and made the
+      // hard-zeroed frames into the model (discontinuities it must fight) and
-    // threshold operate on pre-denoise levels. Gate the residual instead.
+      // made the threshold operate on pre-denoise levels. Gate the residual.
-    if (this.config.gate) {
+      if (this.config.gate) {
-      const gate = new AudioWorkletNode(ctx, GATE.name, {
+        const gate = new AudioWorkletNode(ctx, GATE.name, {
-        processorOptions: {
+          processorOptions: {
-          openThreshold: this.config.gateThreshold,
+            openThreshold: this.config.gateThreshold,
-          closeThreshold: this.config.gateThreshold - 5,
+            closeThreshold: this.config.gateThreshold - 5,
-          holdMs: 150,
+            holdMs: 150,
-          maxChannels: 1,
+            maxChannels: 1,
-        },
+          },
+        });
+        wetHead.connect(gate);
+        wetHead = gate;
+        nodes.push(gate);
+      }
+
+      // Only mix a dry floor for the LOW-LATENCY flat models (RNNoise/Speex).
+      // DTLN/DeepFilterNet add tens of ms of algorithmic latency, so summing an
+      // undelayed dry copy would comb-filter the voice — for those we rely on
+      // the model's own level (e.g. DFN noiseReductionLevel) instead. RNNoise is
+      // also where the "robotic/underwater" reports come from, so this targets it.
+      const lowLatency =
+        this.config.model === "rnnoise" || this.config.model === "speex";
+      const floor = lowLatency
+        ? Math.min(0.5, Math.max(0, this.config.floor))
+        : 0;
+      if (floor > 0) {
+        // Dry/wet mix: blend a small amount of the ORIGINAL mic under the
+        // denoised signal so suppression can't fully collapse the noise floor
+        // (kills the "underwater"/pumping artifact). During speech (denoised ≈
+        // original) the two sum back to ~unity; in noise-only gaps the output
+        // floors at `floor` × original instead of digital silence.
+        const wetGain = ctx.createGain();
+        wetGain.gain.value = 1 - floor;
+        wetHead.connect(wetGain);
+        wetGain.connect(dest);
+        nodes.push(wetGain);
+
+        const dryGain = ctx.createGain();
+        dryGain.gain.value = floor;
+        source.connect(dryGain);
+        dryGain.connect(dest);
+        nodes.push(dryGain);
+      } else {
+        wetHead.connect(dest);
+      }
+
+      logger.info(
+        `[lotus] denoise processor active (${this.config.model}, floor=${floor})`,
+      );
+      return { source, nodes, disposes, track: dest.stream.getAudioTracks()[0] };
+    } catch (e) {
+      // A node constructor / model load can throw mid-build; clean up the
+      // partially-built graph so it doesn't leak (init/restart still fall back
+      // to the raw mic on the rejection).
+      this.disposeGraph({
+        source,
+        nodes,
+        disposes,
+        track: dest.stream.getAudioTracks()[0],
       });
-      wetHead.connect(gate);
+      throw e;
-      wetHead = gate;
-      nodes.push(gate);
     }
-
-    // Only mix a dry floor for the LOW-LATENCY flat models (RNNoise/Speex).
-    // DTLN/DeepFilterNet add tens of ms of algorithmic latency, so summing an
-    // undelayed dry copy would comb-filter the voice — for those we rely on the
-    // model's own level (e.g. DFN noiseReductionLevel) instead. RNNoise is also
-    // where the "robotic/underwater" reports come from, so this targets it.
-    const lowLatency =
-      this.config.model === "rnnoise" || this.config.model === "speex";
-    const floor = lowLatency ? Math.min(0.5, Math.max(0, this.config.floor)) : 0;
-    if (floor > 0) {
-      // Dry/wet mix: blend a small amount of the ORIGINAL mic under the
-      // denoised signal so suppression can't fully collapse the noise floor
-      // (kills the "underwater"/pumping artifact). During speech (denoised ≈
-      // original) the two sum back to ~unity; in noise-only gaps the output
-      // floors at `floor` × original instead of digital silence.
-      const wetGain = ctx.createGain();
-      wetGain.gain.value = 1 - floor;
-      wetHead.connect(wetGain);
-      wetGain.connect(dest);
-      nodes.push(wetGain);
-
-      const dryGain = ctx.createGain();
-      dryGain.gain.value = floor;
-      source.connect(dryGain);
-      dryGain.connect(dest);
-      nodes.push(dryGain);
-    } else {
-      wetHead.connect(dest);
-    }
-
-    logger.info(
-      `[lotus] denoise processor active (${this.config.model}, floor=${floor})`,
-    );
-    return { source, nodes, disposes, track: dest.stream.getAudioTracks()[0] };
   }
 
   private async buildMlNode(ctx: AudioContext): Promise<MlNode> {

src/state/CallViewModel/CallViewModel.ts

@@ -504,6 +504,7 @@ export function createCallViewModel$(
       options.livekitRoomFactory,
       getUrlParams().echoCancellation,
       getUrlParams().noiseSuppression,
+      getUrlParams().autoGainControl,
     );
 
   const connectionManager = createConnectionManager$({

src/state/CallViewModel/remoteMembers/ConnectionFactory.ts

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ export class ECConnectionFactory implements ConnectionFactory {
    * @param livekitRoomFactory - Optional factory function (for testing) to create LivekitRoom instances. If not provided, a default factory is used.
    * @param echoCancellation - Whether to enable echo cancellation for audio capture.
    * @param noiseSuppression - Whether to enable noise suppression for audio capture.
+   * @param autoGainControl - Whether to enable auto gain control for audio capture.
    */
   public constructor(
     private client: OpenIDClientParts,
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ export class ECConnectionFactory implements ConnectionFactory {
     livekitRoomFactory?: () => LivekitRoom,
     echoCancellation: boolean = true,
     noiseSuppression: boolean = true,
+    autoGainControl: boolean = true,
   ) {
     const defaultFactory = (): LivekitRoom =>
       new LivekitRoom(
@@ -81,6 +83,7 @@ export class ECConnectionFactory implements ConnectionFactory {
           controlledAudioDevices: this.controlledAudioDevices,
           echoCancellation,
           noiseSuppression,
+          autoGainControl,
         }),
       );
     this.livekitRoomFactory = livekitRoomFactory ?? defaultFactory;
@@ -127,6 +130,7 @@ function generateRoomOption({
   controlledAudioDevices,
   echoCancellation,
   noiseSuppression,
+  autoGainControl,
 }: {
   devices: MediaDevices;
   processorState: ProcessorState;
@@ -137,6 +141,7 @@ function generateRoomOption({
   controlledAudioDevices: boolean;
   echoCancellation: boolean;
   noiseSuppression: boolean;
+  autoGainControl: boolean;
 }): RoomOptions {
   return {
     ...defaultLiveKitOptions,
@@ -150,6 +155,7 @@ function generateRoomOption({
       deviceId: devices.audioInput.selected$.value?.id,
       echoCancellation,
       noiseSuppression,
+      autoGainControl,
     },
     audioOutput: {
       // When using controlled audio devices, we don't want to set the

src/state/CallViewModel/remoteMembers/ECConnectionFactory.test.ts

@@ -53,14 +53,13 @@ beforeEach(() => {
 
 describe("ECConnectionFactory - Audio inputs options", () => {
   test.each([
-    { echo: true, noise: true },
+    { echo: true, noise: true, agc: true },
-    { echo: true, noise: false },
+    { echo: true, noise: false, agc: false },
-    { echo: false, noise: true },
+    { echo: false, noise: true, agc: false },
-    { echo: false, noise: false },
+    { echo: false, noise: false, agc: true },
   ])(
-    "it sets echoCancellation=$echo and noiseSuppression=$noise based on constructor parameters",
+    "it sets echoCancellation=$echo, noiseSuppression=$noise, autoGainControl=$agc based on constructor parameters",
-    ({ echo, noise }) => {
+    ({ echo, noise, agc }) => {
-      // test("it sets echoCancellation and noiseSuppression based on constructor parameters", () => {
       const RoomConstructor = vi.mocked(LivekitRoom);
 
       const ecConnectionFactory = new ECConnectionFactory(
@@ -76,6 +75,7 @@ describe("ECConnectionFactory - Audio inputs options", () => {
         undefined,
         echo,
         noise,
+        agc,
       );
       ecConnectionFactory.createConnection(
         testScope,
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ describe("ECConnectionFactory - Audio inputs options", () => {
           audioCaptureDefaults: expect.objectContaining({
             echoCancellation: echo,
             noiseSuppression: noise,
+            autoGainControl: agc,
           }),
         }),
       );