feat(embeds): add Bluesky, Loom, Kick

From the coverage-review agent's ranked recommendations (clean iframes, ids in
the URL, one CSP host each):
- Bluesky: bsky.app/profile/{authority}/post/{rkey} → embed.bsky.app (rich, self-
  resizing like the other post embeds).
- Loom: loom.com/share|embed/{id} → www.loom.com/embed/{id} (16:9).
- Kick: kick.com/{channel} → player.kick.com/{channel} (live channels only; VODs/
  clips have no clean embed and fall back to a link).

Parsers unit-tested. CSP frame-src gains embed.bsky.app / www.loom.com /
player.kick.com (desktop + live web, both updated). Needs live verification once
deployed since the embeds themselves can't be exercised from here.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

src/app/components/RenderMessageContent.tsx

@@ -86,7 +86,9 @@ export function RenderMessageContent({
   eventId,
 }: RenderMessageContentProps) {
   const renderUrlsPreview = (urls: string[]) => {
-    const filteredUrls = urls.filter((url) => !testMatrixTo(url));
+    // Cap previews per message so a link-dump doesn't spawn dozens of preview
+    // fetches + iframes at once.
+    const filteredUrls = urls.filter((url) => !testMatrixTo(url)).slice(0, 6);
     if (filteredUrls.length === 0) return undefined;
     return (
       <UrlPreviewHolder>

src/app/components/url-preview/UrlPreview.css.tsx

@@ -14,6 +14,13 @@ export const UrlPreview = style([
   },
 ]);
 
+// Wider, responsive card for interactive embeds (video players, tweets, posts)
+// so the player chrome / tweet content isn't cramped or clipped. Defined after
+// UrlPreview so its width wins the cascade.
+export const UrlPreviewWide = style({
+  width: 'min(38rem, 94vw)',
+});
+
 export const UrlPreviewImg = style([
   DefaultReset,
   {
@@ -197,6 +204,116 @@ export const MediaPlayButton = style([
   },
 ]);
 
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Inline video embed (YouTube / Vimeo) — media-forward click-to-play facade
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+export const EmbedMediaLandscape = style([
+  DefaultReset,
+  {
+    position: 'relative',
+    width: '100%',
+    aspectRatio: '16 / 9',
+    overflow: 'hidden',
+    backgroundColor: color.Surface.Container,
+    selectors: {
+      '&:fullscreen': { width: '100vw', height: '100vh', aspectRatio: 'auto' },
+    },
+  },
+]);
+
+export const EmbedMediaPortrait = style([
+  DefaultReset,
+  {
+    position: 'relative',
+    width: toRem(300),
+    maxWidth: '100%',
+    aspectRatio: '9 / 16',
+    margin: '0 auto',
+    overflow: 'hidden',
+    backgroundColor: color.Surface.Container,
+    selectors: {
+      '&:fullscreen': { width: '100vw', height: '100vh', aspectRatio: 'auto', margin: 0 },
+    },
+  },
+]);
+
+// Fills the aspect box; used for both the <button> facade and the <a> fallback.
+export const EmbedFacade = style([
+  DefaultReset,
+  {
+    position: 'absolute',
+    inset: 0,
+    width: '100%',
+    height: '100%',
+    display: 'block',
+    padding: 0,
+    border: 'none',
+    background: 'none',
+    cursor: 'pointer',
+
+    ':hover': {
+      filter: 'brightness(0.85)',
+    },
+    selectors: {
+      '&:focus-visible': {
+        outline: `2px solid ${color.Primary.Main}`,
+        outlineOffset: '-2px',
+      },
+    },
+  },
+]);
+
+export const EmbedIframe = style([
+  DefaultReset,
+  {
+    position: 'absolute',
+    inset: 0,
+    width: '100%',
+    height: '100%',
+    border: 0,
+    display: 'block',
+  },
+]);
+
+// Variable-height iframe that sizes itself (X/Twitter, Instagram, Reddit posts —
+// height set inline). Capped ~550px (X/IG native max) + centered in the wide card.
+export const EmbedIframeStatic = style([
+  DefaultReset,
+  {
+    width: '100%',
+    maxWidth: toRem(550),
+    margin: '0 auto',
+    border: 0,
+    display: 'block',
+  },
+]);
+
+export const EmbedPlaceholder = style([
+  DefaultReset,
+  {
+    position: 'absolute',
+    inset: 0,
+    display: 'flex',
+    alignItems: 'center',
+    justifyContent: 'center',
+    backgroundColor: '#111111',
+    color: '#ffffff',
+    fontSize: toRem(28),
+  },
+]);
+
+// Audio embeds (Spotify / SoundCloud) — full-width, short fixed height (set inline).
+export const EmbedMediaAudio = style([
+  DefaultReset,
+  {
+    position: 'relative',
+    width: '100%',
+    overflow: 'hidden',
+    backgroundColor: color.Surface.Container,
+  },
+]);
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Shared square artwork thumbnail (Spotify, IMDb poster, Discord icon)
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -315,6 +432,51 @@ export const BadgeTikTok = style({
   color: '#ffffff',
 });
 
+export const BadgeSoundCloud = style({
+  backgroundColor: '#ff5500',
+  color: '#ffffff',
+});
+
+export const BadgeDailymotion = style({
+  backgroundColor: '#0066dc',
+  color: '#ffffff',
+});
+
+export const BadgeStreamable = style({
+  backgroundColor: '#0f90fa',
+  color: '#ffffff',
+});
+
+export const BadgeAppleMusic = style({
+  backgroundColor: '#fa243c',
+  color: '#ffffff',
+});
+
+export const BadgeInstagram = style({
+  backgroundColor: '#e1306c',
+  color: '#ffffff',
+});
+
+export const BadgeBluesky = style({
+  backgroundColor: '#0085ff',
+  color: '#ffffff',
+});
+
+export const BadgeLoom = style({
+  backgroundColor: '#625df5',
+  color: '#ffffff',
+});
+
+export const BadgeKick = style({
+  backgroundColor: '#53fc18',
+  color: '#000000',
+});
+
+export const BadgeTidal = style({
+  backgroundColor: '#000000',
+  color: '#ffffff',
+});
+
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Twitch LIVE badge
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

src/app/components/url-preview/UrlPreviewCard.tsx

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import React, { useCallback, useEffect, useRef, useState } from 'react';
 import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next';
 import { IPreviewUrlResponse } from 'matrix-js-sdk';
-import { Box, Icon, IconButton, Icons, Scroll, Spinner, Text, as, color, config } from 'folds';
+import { Box, Chip, Icon, IconButton, Icons, Scroll, Spinner, Text, as, color, config } from 'folds';
 import { ImageOverlay } from '../ImageOverlay';
 import { AsyncStatus, useAsyncCallback } from '../../hooks/useAsyncCallback';
 import { useMatrixClient } from '../../hooks/useMatrixClient';
@@ -17,6 +17,19 @@ import { mxcUrlToHttp } from '../../utils/matrix';
 import { useMediaAuthentication } from '../../hooks/useMediaAuthentication';
 import { ImageViewer } from '../image-viewer';
 import { onEnterOrSpace } from '../../utils/keyboard';
+import { useSetting } from '../../state/hooks/settings';
+import { settingsAtom } from '../../state/settings';
+import {
+  extractEmbedHeight,
+  getTikTokVideoId,
+  getTweetId,
+  isTikTokLink,
+  MediaEmbed,
+  parseMediaEmbed,
+  tiktokIdFromOembed,
+  tiktokOembedUrl,
+  tiktokPlayerEmbedUrl,
+} from '../../utils/videoEmbed';
 
 const linkStyles = { color: color.Success.Main };
 
@@ -25,10 +38,7 @@ const linkStyles = { color: color.Success.Main };
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 type CardVariant =
-  | 'youtube-shorts'
-  | 'youtube'
   | 'tiktok'
-  | 'vimeo'
   | 'github'
   | 'twitter'
   | 'reddit'
@@ -44,53 +54,6 @@ type CardVariant =
   | 'tenor'
   | 'generic';
 
-function getYouTubeVideoId(url: string): string | null {
-  try {
-    const parsed = new URL(url);
-    const { hostname, pathname, searchParams } = parsed;
-
-    // youtu.be/<id>
-    if (hostname === 'youtu.be') {
-      const id = pathname.slice(1).split('/')[0];
-      return id || null;
-    }
-
-    // youtube.com/watch?v=<id>
-    if (hostname === 'www.youtube.com' || hostname === 'youtube.com') {
-      if (pathname === '/watch') {
-        return searchParams.get('v');
-      }
-      // youtube.com/shorts/<id> — handled by isYouTubeShorts
-      const shortsMatch = pathname.match(/^\/shorts\/([A-Za-z0-9_-]+)/);
-      if (shortsMatch) return shortsMatch[1];
-    }
-  } catch {
-    // ignore malformed URLs
-  }
-  return null;
-}
-
-function isYouTubeShorts(url: string): boolean {
-  try {
-    const { hostname, pathname } = new URL(url);
-    if (hostname !== 'www.youtube.com' && hostname !== 'youtube.com') return false;
-    return /^\/shorts\/[A-Za-z0-9_-]+/.test(pathname);
-  } catch {
-    return false;
-  }
-}
-
-function getYoutubeShortsId(url: string): string | null {
-  try {
-    const { hostname, pathname } = new URL(url);
-    if (hostname !== 'www.youtube.com' && hostname !== 'youtube.com') return null;
-    const m = pathname.match(/^\/shorts\/([A-Za-z0-9_-]+)/);
-    return m ? m[1] : null;
-  } catch {
-    return null;
-  }
-}
-
 function isTikTok(url: string): boolean {
   try {
     const { hostname } = new URL(url);
@@ -111,18 +74,6 @@ function getTikTokUsername(url: string): string | null {
   }
 }
 
-function getVimeoVideoId(url: string): string | null {
-  try {
-    const parsed = new URL(url);
-    const { hostname, pathname } = parsed;
-    if (hostname !== 'vimeo.com' && hostname !== 'www.vimeo.com') return null;
-    const m = pathname.match(/^\/(\d+)/);
-    return m ? m[1] : null;
-  } catch {
-    return null;
-  }
-}
-
 function isGitHubRepo(url: string): boolean {
   try {
     const parsed = new URL(url);
@@ -332,11 +283,10 @@ function isTenor(url: string): boolean {
 }
 
 function getCardVariant(url: string): CardVariant {
-  // Shorts must be detected before generic youtube
+  // NOTE: embeddable providers (YouTube/Vimeo/TikTok/Spotify/Twitch/…) are handled
-  if (isYouTubeShorts(url)) return 'youtube-shorts';
+  // upstream by parseMediaEmbed + MediaEmbedCard; getCardVariant only routes the
-  if (getYouTubeVideoId(url) !== null) return 'youtube';
+  // non-embed fallbacks (incl. TikTok short links with no resolvable id).
   if (isTikTok(url)) return 'tiktok';
-  if (getVimeoVideoId(url) !== null) return 'vimeo';
   if (isGitHubRepo(url)) return 'github';
   if (isTwitter(url)) return 'twitter';
   if (getRedditSubreddit(url) !== null) return 'reddit';
@@ -484,157 +434,7 @@ function SiteBadge({ label, colorClass }: { label: string; colorClass: string })
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Shared VideoCard — used by YouTube (non-Shorts) and Vimeo
+// Card: TikTok (fallback for short vm.tiktok.com links that can't resolve an id)
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-function VideoCard({
-  url,
-  prev,
-  thumbnailUrl,
-  siteBadgeLabel,
-  siteBadgeClass,
-  showPlayButton,
-}: {
-  url: string;
-  prev: IPreviewUrlResponse;
-  thumbnailUrl: string;
-  siteBadgeLabel: string;
-  siteBadgeClass: string;
-  showPlayButton?: boolean;
-}) {
-  const title = prev['og:title'] ?? '';
-  const description = prev['og:description'] ?? '';
-
-  return (
-    <>
-      <a
-        href={url}
-        target="_blank"
-        rel="noreferrer"
-        className={previewCss.MediaThumbnailWrapper}
-        aria-label={`Watch on ${siteBadgeLabel}: ${title}`}
-      >
-        <img
-          className={previewCss.MediaThumbnailImg}
-          src={thumbnailUrl}
-          alt={title}
-          loading="lazy"
-        />
-        {showPlayButton !== false && (
-          <div className={previewCss.MediaPlayOverlay}>
-            <div className={previewCss.MediaPlayButton}>
-              <Icon size="400" src={Icons.Play} />
-            </div>
-          </div>
-        )}
-      </a>
-      <UrlPreviewContent>
-        <Text
-          style={linkStyles}
-          truncate
-          as="a"
-          href={url}
-          target="_blank"
-          rel="noreferrer"
-          size="T200"
-          priority="300"
-        >
-          <SiteBadge label={siteBadgeLabel} colorClass={siteBadgeClass} />
-        </Text>
-        {title && (
-          <Text truncate priority="400">
-            <b>{title}</b>
-          </Text>
-        )}
-        {description && (
-          <Text size="T200" priority="300">
-            <UrlPreviewDescription>{description}</UrlPreviewDescription>
-          </Text>
-        )}
-      </UrlPreviewContent>
-    </>
-  );
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Card 1: YouTube Shorts
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-function YouTubeShortsCard({ url, prev }: { url: string; prev: IPreviewUrlResponse }) {
-  const videoId = getYoutubeShortsId(url) ?? '';
-  const thumbnailSrc = `https://img.youtube.com/vi/${videoId}/mqdefault.jpg`;
-  const title = prev['og:title'] ?? '';
-  // YouTube Shorts og:description is often the channel name
-  const rawDescription = (prev['og:description'] as string | undefined) ?? '';
-  const channelName = rawDescription.length < 80 ? rawDescription : null;
-
-  return (
-    <>
-      {/* Header bar with Shorts badge */}
-      <div className={previewCss.ShortsHeader}>
-        <SiteBadge label="Shorts" colorClass={previewCss.BadgeYouTubeShorts} />
-        <Text size="T200" priority="300" style={{ opacity: 0.7 }}>
-          YouTube
-        </Text>
-      </div>
-      {/* Side-by-side layout */}
-      <div className={previewCss.PortraitSideLayout}>
-        <a
-          href={url}
-          target="_blank"
-          rel="noreferrer"
-          className={previewCss.PortraitThumbnail}
-          aria-label={`Watch Short: ${title}`}
-        >
-          <img
-            className={previewCss.PortraitThumbnailImg}
-            src={thumbnailSrc}
-            alt={title}
-            loading="lazy"
-          />
-          <div className={previewCss.PortraitPlayOverlay}>
-            <div className={previewCss.PortraitPlayButton}>▶</div>
-          </div>
-        </a>
-        <Box grow="Yes" direction="Column" gap="100">
-          {title && (
-            <Text
-              priority="400"
-              style={{
-                fontWeight: 700,
-                display: '-webkit-box',
-                WebkitLineClamp: 2,
-                WebkitBoxOrient: 'vertical',
-                overflow: 'hidden',
-              }}
-            >
-              {title}
-            </Text>
-          )}
-          {channelName && (
-            <Text size="T200" priority="300" style={{ opacity: 0.65 }}>
-              {channelName}
-            </Text>
-          )}
-          <Text
-            size="T200"
-            priority="300"
-            style={{ opacity: 0.5, marginTop: 'auto' }}
-            as="a"
-            href={url}
-            target="_blank"
-            rel="noreferrer"
-          >
-            youtube.com
-          </Text>
-        </Box>
-      </div>
-    </>
-  );
-}
-
-// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-// Card 2: TikTok
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 function TikTokCard({
@@ -754,6 +554,76 @@ function TikTokCard({
 // Card 3: Twitter / X
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+// Origins allowed to drive a self-resizing embed (stable refs → effect deps).
+const TWITTER_ORIGINS = ['https://platform.twitter.com', 'https://platform.x.com'];
+const INSTAGRAM_ORIGINS = ['https://www.instagram.com'];
+const REDDIT_ORIGINS = ['https://embed.reddit.com'];
+const BLUESKY_ORIGINS = ['https://embed.bsky.app'];
+const NO_RESIZE_ORIGINS: string[] = [];
+const EMBED_MAX_HEIGHT = 1400;
+
+// Defense-in-depth on top of the CSP frame-src allowlist. Critically OMITS
+// allow-top-navigation, so a compromised embed can't redirect the whole app
+// (phishing). Fullscreen still works — it's gated by allow=, not a sandbox token.
+const EMBED_SANDBOX =
+  'allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-presentation';
+
+// Variable-height iframe embeds (Twitter/Instagram/Reddit) report their content
+// height via postMessage; listen — scoped to the allowed origins + OUR iframe —
+// and grow to fit. `origins` must be a stable reference.
+function useIframeAutoHeight(origins: string[], initial: number) {
+  const ref = useRef<HTMLIFrameElement | null>(null);
+  const [height, setHeight] = useState(initial);
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (origins.length === 0) return undefined;
+    const onMessage = (e: MessageEvent) => {
+      if (!origins.includes(e.origin)) return;
+      if (ref.current && e.source !== ref.current.contentWindow) return;
+      let data: unknown = e.data;
+      if (typeof data === 'string') {
+        try {
+          data = JSON.parse(data);
+        } catch {
+          return;
+        }
+      }
+      const h = extractEmbedHeight(data);
+      if (typeof h === 'number' && h > 0) setHeight(Math.min(Math.ceil(h), EMBED_MAX_HEIGHT));
+    };
+    window.addEventListener('message', onMessage);
+    return () => window.removeEventListener('message', onMessage);
+  }, [origins]);
+  return { ref, height };
+}
+
+// Interactive X/Twitter post embed — playable video/GIF, galleries, quote tweets.
+// Self-sizes via useIframeAutoHeight. Only mounted after "View post" (facade).
+function TweetEmbed({ id }: { id: string }) {
+  const { ref, height } = useIframeAutoHeight(TWITTER_ORIGINS, 320);
+  const theme =
+    typeof window !== 'undefined' &&
+    window.matchMedia &&
+    window.matchMedia('(prefers-color-scheme: light)').matches
+      ? 'light'
+      : 'dark';
+
+  return (
+    <iframe
+      ref={ref}
+      className={previewCss.EmbedIframeStatic}
+      src={`https://platform.twitter.com/embed/Tweet.html?id=${encodeURIComponent(
+        id,
+      )}&theme=${theme}&dnt=true`}
+      title="Post on X"
+      style={{ height: `${height}px` }}
+      sandbox={EMBED_SANDBOX}
+      allow="autoplay; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture; fullscreen"
+      loading="lazy"
+      scrolling="no"
+    />
+  );
+}
+
 function TwitterCard({
   url,
   prev,
@@ -765,12 +635,16 @@ function TwitterCard({
   mx: ReturnType<typeof useMatrixClient>;
   useAuthentication: boolean;
 }) {
+  const [inlineMediaEmbeds] = useSetting(settingsAtom, 'inlineMediaEmbeds');
+  const [expanded, setExpanded] = useState(false);
+
   const rawTitle = (prev['og:title'] as string | undefined) ?? '';
   const rawDescription = (prev['og:description'] as string | undefined) ?? '';
   const mxcImage = prev['og:image'] as string | undefined;
   const imageWidth = prev['og:image:width'] as number | undefined;
 
   const isTweet = isTwitterTweet(url);
+  const tweetId = getTweetId(url);
   const { name, handle, text } = parseTweetTitle(rawTitle);
 
   const tweetText = text ?? (isTweet ? rawDescription : undefined);
@@ -781,9 +655,9 @@ function TwitterCard({
     ? mxcUrlToHttp(mx, mxcImage!, useAuthentication, 400, 200, 'scale', false)
     : null;
 
-  return (
+  const canEmbed = isTweet && inlineMediaEmbeds && !!tweetId;
-    <>
+
-      {/* Header row */}
+  const header = (
     <div className={previewCss.TwitterHeader}>
       <XLogoIcon size={18} />
       <Text priority="400" style={{ fontWeight: 600 }} truncate>
@@ -797,6 +671,43 @@ function TwitterCard({
       <Box grow="Yes" />
       <SiteBadge label="𝕏" colorClass={previewCss.BadgeTwitter} />
     </div>
+  );
+
+  // Expanded: the interactive, self-sizing post embed (playable video, gallery…).
+  if (canEmbed && expanded && tweetId) {
+    return (
+      <>
+        <div className={previewCss.TwitterHeader}>
+          <XLogoIcon size={18} />
+          <Text priority="400" style={{ fontWeight: 600 }} truncate>
+            {name}
+          </Text>
+          {handle && (
+            <Text size="T200" priority="300" style={{ opacity: 0.55 }} truncate>
+              @{handle}
+            </Text>
+          )}
+          <Box grow="Yes" />
+          <IconButton
+            size="300"
+            radii="300"
+            variant="SurfaceVariant"
+            onClick={() => setExpanded(false)}
+            aria-label="Collapse post"
+          >
+            <Icon size="100" src={Icons.Cross} />
+          </IconButton>
+        </div>
+        <UrlPreviewContent>
+          <TweetEmbed id={tweetId} />
+        </UrlPreviewContent>
+      </>
+    );
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <>
+      {header}
 
       <UrlPreviewContent>
         {isTweet && tweetText ? (
@@ -819,6 +730,7 @@ function TwitterCard({
           />
         )}
 
+        <Box alignItems="Center" gap="200" justifyContent="SpaceBetween">
           <Text
             size="T200"
             priority="300"
@@ -830,6 +742,17 @@ function TwitterCard({
           >
             {getDomain(url)}
           </Text>
+          {canEmbed && (
+            <Chip
+              variant="Secondary"
+              radii="Pill"
+              onClick={() => setExpanded(true)}
+              before={<Icon size="50" src={Icons.Play} />}
+            >
+              <Text size="T200">View post</Text>
+            </Chip>
+          )}
+        </Box>
       </UrlPreviewContent>
     </>
   );
@@ -1098,33 +1021,385 @@ function RedditCard({
 // Remaining card variants (unchanged from original)
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
-function YouTubeCard({ url, prev }: { url: string; prev: IPreviewUrlResponse }) {
+// Media-forward video tile with a privacy-friendly click-to-play facade: shows
-  const videoId = getYouTubeVideoId(url)!;
+// the homeserver's cached thumbnail + a play button; only on click does it swap
-  const thumbnailSrc = `https://img.youtube.com/vi/${videoId}/mqdefault.jpg`;
+// in the (cookie-less) YouTube / Vimeo iframe, so nothing loads from the third
+// party until the user presses play. Gated by the `inlineMediaEmbeds` setting —
+// when off it falls back to a link that opens the video in a new tab.
+const EMBED_BADGE: Record<string, { label: string; class: string }> = {
+  youtube: { label: 'YouTube', class: '' },
+  vimeo: { label: 'Vimeo', class: previewCss.BadgeVimeo },
+  tiktok: { label: 'TikTok', class: previewCss.BadgeTikTok },
+  dailymotion: { label: 'Dailymotion', class: previewCss.BadgeDailymotion },
+  streamable: { label: 'Streamable', class: previewCss.BadgeStreamable },
+  twitch: { label: 'Twitch', class: previewCss.BadgeTwitchPurple },
+  spotify: { label: 'Spotify', class: previewCss.BadgeSpotify },
+  soundcloud: { label: 'SoundCloud', class: previewCss.BadgeSoundCloud },
+  applemusic: { label: 'Apple Music', class: previewCss.BadgeAppleMusic },
+  tidal: { label: 'TIDAL', class: previewCss.BadgeTidal },
+  instagram: { label: 'Instagram', class: previewCss.BadgeInstagram },
+  reddit: { label: 'Reddit', class: previewCss.BadgeReddit },
+  bluesky: { label: 'Bluesky', class: previewCss.BadgeBluesky },
+  loom: { label: 'Loom', class: previewCss.BadgeLoom },
+  kick: { label: 'Kick', class: previewCss.BadgeKick },
+};
+
+// The homeserver preview for some sites (notably Reddit) comes back as a bot-check
+// "please wait for verification" page; don't surface that as the caption.
+const looksLikeBotWall = (s: string): boolean =>
+  /please wait|are you a (human|robot)|verifying|verification|just a moment|attention required/i.test(
+    s,
+  );
+
+// One media-forward tile for every embeddable provider (video / portrait / audio).
+// Privacy-friendly facade: shows the homeserver's cached thumbnail + a play
+// button; only on click does it swap in the provider iframe, so nothing loads
+// from the third party until the user presses play. Gated by `inlineMediaEmbeds`
+// — when off it falls back to a link that opens the media in a new tab.
+function MediaEmbedCard({
+  url,
+  prev,
+  embed,
+}: {
+  url: string;
+  prev: IPreviewUrlResponse;
+  embed: MediaEmbed;
+}) {
+  const mx = useMatrixClient();
+  const useAuthentication = useMediaAuthentication();
+  const [inlineMediaEmbeds] = useSetting(settingsAtom, 'inlineMediaEmbeds');
+  const [playing, setPlaying] = useState(false);
+  const mediaRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+
+  const rawTitle = prev['og:title'] ?? '';
+  const rawDescription = prev['og:description'] ?? '';
+  const portrait = embed.kind === 'portrait';
+  const video = embed.kind === 'landscape' || embed.kind === 'portrait';
+  const rich = embed.kind === 'rich';
+  const fixedHeight = embed.kind === 'audio' || embed.kind === 'rich';
+  // Instagram/Reddit report their height via postMessage → self-resize.
+  const resizeOrigins = !rich
+    ? NO_RESIZE_ORIGINS
+    : embed.provider === 'instagram'
+      ? INSTAGRAM_ORIGINS
+      : embed.provider === 'bluesky'
+        ? BLUESKY_ORIGINS
+        : REDDIT_ORIGINS;
+  // Only subscribe to resize messages while the iframe is actually mounted.
+  const { ref: resizeRef, height: resizeHeight } = useIframeAutoHeight(
+    playing ? resizeOrigins : NO_RESIZE_ORIGINS,
+    embed.height ?? 480,
+  );
+  // 'rich' providers (esp. Reddit) can carry a bot-wall title — suppress it.
+  const title = looksLikeBotWall(rawTitle) ? '' : rawTitle;
+  const description = looksLikeBotWall(rawDescription) ? '' : rawDescription;
+  const mxcImage = prev['og:image'] as string | undefined;
+  const thumbnailUrl = mxcImage
+    ? mxcUrlToHttp(
+        mx,
+        mxcImage,
+        useAuthentication,
+        portrait ? 320 : 480,
+        portrait ? 568 : 270,
+        'scale',
+        false,
+      )
+    : undefined;
+
+  // Shorts share the youtube provider but get their own badge.
+  const badge =
+    embed.provider === 'youtube' && portrait
+      ? { label: 'Shorts', class: previewCss.BadgeYouTubeShorts }
+      : (EMBED_BADGE[embed.provider] ?? { label: embed.provider, class: '' });
+
+  const mediaClass = fixedHeight
+    ? previewCss.EmbedMediaAudio
+    : portrait
+      ? previewCss.EmbedMediaPortrait
+      : previewCss.EmbedMediaLandscape;
+  const mediaStyle = fixedHeight ? { height: `${embed.height ?? 152}px` } : undefined;
+
+  const thumb = thumbnailUrl ? (
+    // alt="" — the parent button/link already carries the accessible name.
+    <img className={previewCss.MediaThumbnailImg} src={thumbnailUrl} alt="" loading="lazy" />
+  ) : (
+    <span className={previewCss.EmbedPlaceholder}>
+      <Icon size="600" src={Icons.Play} />
+    </span>
+  );
+  const playOverlay = (
+    <span className={previewCss.MediaPlayOverlay}>
+      <span className={previewCss.MediaPlayButton}>
+        <Icon size="400" src={Icons.Play} />
+      </span>
+    </span>
+  );
+
+  const enterFullscreen = () => {
+    mediaRef.current?.requestFullscreen?.().catch(() => undefined);
+  };
 
   return (
-    <VideoCard
+    <Box direction="Column">
-      url={url}
+      {playing && rich ? (
-      prev={prev}
+        // Rich post embeds (Instagram/Reddit) are variable-height and self-size.
-      thumbnailUrl={thumbnailSrc}
+        <iframe
-      siteBadgeLabel="YouTube"
+          ref={resizeRef}
-      siteBadgeClass=""
+          className={previewCss.EmbedIframeStatic}
+          src={embed.embedUrl}
+          title={title || badge.label}
+          style={{ height: `${resizeHeight}px` }}
+          allow="autoplay; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture; fullscreen; clipboard-write"
+          sandbox={EMBED_SANDBOX}
+          allowFullScreen
+          loading="lazy"
+          scrolling="no"
         />
+      ) : (
+        <div ref={mediaRef} className={mediaClass} style={mediaStyle}>
+          {playing ? (
+            <iframe
+              className={previewCss.EmbedIframe}
+              src={embed.embedUrl}
+              title={title || badge.label}
+              allow="autoplay; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture; fullscreen; clipboard-write"
+              sandbox={EMBED_SANDBOX}
+              allowFullScreen
+              loading="lazy"
+            />
+          ) : inlineMediaEmbeds ? (
+            <button
+              type="button"
+              className={previewCss.EmbedFacade}
+              onClick={() => setPlaying(true)}
+              aria-label={`Play: ${title || badge.label}`}
+            >
+              {thumb}
+              {playOverlay}
+            </button>
+          ) : (
+            <a
+              href={url}
+              target="_blank"
+              rel="noreferrer"
+              className={previewCss.EmbedFacade}
+              aria-label={title ? `Open on ${badge.label}: ${title}` : `Open on ${badge.label}`}
+            >
+              {thumb}
+              {playOverlay}
+            </a>
+          )}
+        </div>
+      )}
+      <UrlPreviewContent>
+        <Box alignItems="Center" gap="200" justifyContent="SpaceBetween">
+          <Text
+            style={linkStyles}
+            truncate
+            as="a"
+            href={url}
+            target="_blank"
+            rel="noreferrer"
+            size="T200"
+            priority="300"
+          >
+            <SiteBadge label={badge.label} colorClass={badge.class} />
+          </Text>
+          {playing && (
+            <Box alignItems="Center" gap="100" shrink="No">
+              {video && (
+                <Chip
+                  variant="Secondary"
+                  radii="Pill"
+                  onClick={enterFullscreen}
+                  aria-label="Fullscreen"
+                >
+                  <Text size="T200">⛶ Fullscreen</Text>
+                </Chip>
+              )}
+              <IconButton
+                size="300"
+                radii="300"
+                variant="SurfaceVariant"
+                onClick={() => setPlaying(false)}
+                aria-label="Close player"
+              >
+                <Icon size="100" src={Icons.Cross} />
+              </IconButton>
+            </Box>
+          )}
+        </Box>
+        {/* While a video plays, drop the title/description so the player isn't
+            squeezed by text below it. */}
+        {!(playing && video) && title && (
+          <Text truncate priority="400">
+            <b>{title}</b>
+          </Text>
+        )}
+        {!(playing && video) && description && (
+          <Text size="T200" priority="300">
+            <UrlPreviewDescription>{description}</UrlPreviewDescription>
+          </Text>
+        )}
+      </UrlPreviewContent>
+    </Box>
   );
 }
 
-function VimeoCard({ url, prev }: { url: string; prev: IPreviewUrlResponse }) {
+// TikTok needs its own card: short "copy-link" URLs (vm.tiktok.com, tiktok.com/t/…)
-  // Vimeo always includes og:image for video thumbnails
+// don't carry the video id, and the homeserver's link preview is bot-walled. So we
-  const thumbnailSrc = (prev['og:image'] as string | undefined) ?? '';
+// resolve the id client-side via TikTok's CORS-enabled oEmbed API (on click, to
+// keep the facade privacy model), then play the player/v1 embed.
+function TikTokEmbedCard({ url, prev }: { url: string; prev: IPreviewUrlResponse }) {
+  const mx = useMatrixClient();
+  const useAuthentication = useMediaAuthentication();
+  const [inlineMediaEmbeds] = useSetting(settingsAtom, 'inlineMediaEmbeds');
+  const [videoId, setVideoId] = useState<string | null>(() => getTikTokVideoId(url));
+  const [playing, setPlaying] = useState(false);
+  const [resolving, setResolving] = useState(false);
+  const [failed, setFailed] = useState(false);
+  const mediaRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+  const abortRef = useRef<AbortController | null>(null);
+
+  // Abort an in-flight oEmbed resolve if the card unmounts (scrolled away).
+  useEffect(() => () => abortRef.current?.abort(), []);
+
+  const mxcImage = prev['og:image'] as string | undefined;
+  const rawTitle = prev['og:title'] ?? '';
+  const title = looksLikeBotWall(rawTitle) ? '' : rawTitle;
+  const thumbnailUrl = mxcImage
+    ? mxcUrlToHttp(mx, mxcImage, useAuthentication, 320, 568, 'scale', false)
+    : undefined;
+
+  const start = useCallback(async () => {
+    if (videoId) {
+      setPlaying(true);
+      return;
+    }
+    setResolving(true);
+    setFailed(false);
+    const controller = new AbortController();
+    abortRef.current = controller;
+    try {
+      const res = await fetch(tiktokOembedUrl(url), { signal: controller.signal });
+      const id = tiktokIdFromOembed(await res.json());
+      if (controller.signal.aborted) return;
+      if (id) {
+        setVideoId(id);
+        setPlaying(true);
+      } else {
+        setFailed(true);
+      }
+    } catch {
+      if (!controller.signal.aborted) setFailed(true);
+    } finally {
+      if (!controller.signal.aborted) setResolving(false);
+    }
+  }, [url, videoId]);
+
+  const enterFullscreen = () => mediaRef.current?.requestFullscreen?.().catch(() => undefined);
+
+  const facadeInner = (
+    <>
+      {thumbnailUrl ? (
+        <img className={previewCss.MediaThumbnailImg} src={thumbnailUrl} alt="" loading="lazy" />
+      ) : (
+        <span className={previewCss.EmbedPlaceholder} />
+      )}
+      <span className={previewCss.MediaPlayOverlay}>
+        <span className={previewCss.MediaPlayButton}>
+          {resolving ? <Spinner size="100" /> : <Icon size="400" src={Icons.Play} />}
+        </span>
+      </span>
+    </>
+  );
 
   return (
-    <VideoCard
+    <Box direction="Column">
-      url={url}
+      <div ref={mediaRef} className={previewCss.EmbedMediaPortrait}>
-      prev={prev}
+        {playing && videoId ? (
-      thumbnailUrl={thumbnailSrc}
+          <iframe
-      siteBadgeLabel="Vimeo"
+            className={previewCss.EmbedIframe}
-      siteBadgeClass={previewCss.BadgeVimeo}
+            src={tiktokPlayerEmbedUrl(videoId)}
+            title={title || 'TikTok'}
+            allow="autoplay; encrypted-media; picture-in-picture; fullscreen; clipboard-write"
+            sandbox={EMBED_SANDBOX}
+            allowFullScreen
+            loading="lazy"
           />
+        ) : inlineMediaEmbeds ? (
+          <button
+            type="button"
+            className={previewCss.EmbedFacade}
+            onClick={start}
+            disabled={resolving}
+            aria-busy={resolving}
+            aria-label={
+              resolving ? 'Loading TikTok…' : `Play TikTok${title ? `: ${title}` : ''}`
+            }
+          >
+            {facadeInner}
+          </button>
+        ) : (
+          <a
+            href={url}
+            target="_blank"
+            rel="noreferrer"
+            className={previewCss.EmbedFacade}
+            aria-label={`Open on TikTok${title ? `: ${title}` : ''}`}
+          >
+            {facadeInner}
+          </a>
+        )}
+      </div>
+      <UrlPreviewContent>
+        <Box alignItems="Center" gap="200" justifyContent="SpaceBetween">
+          <Text
+            style={linkStyles}
+            truncate
+            as="a"
+            href={url}
+            target="_blank"
+            rel="noreferrer"
+            size="T200"
+            priority="300"
+          >
+            <SiteBadge label="TikTok" colorClass={previewCss.BadgeTikTok} />
+          </Text>
+          {playing && videoId && (
+            <Box alignItems="Center" gap="100" shrink="No">
+              <Chip
+                variant="Secondary"
+                radii="Pill"
+                onClick={enterFullscreen}
+                aria-label="Fullscreen"
+              >
+                <Text size="T200">⛶ Fullscreen</Text>
+              </Chip>
+              <IconButton
+                size="300"
+                radii="300"
+                variant="SurfaceVariant"
+                onClick={() => setPlaying(false)}
+                aria-label="Close player"
+              >
+                <Icon size="100" src={Icons.Cross} />
+              </IconButton>
+            </Box>
+          )}
+        </Box>
+        {failed && (
+          <Text size="T200" style={{ color: color.Critical.Main }}>
+            Couldn’t load this TikTok — open it on TikTok.
+          </Text>
+        )}
+        {!(playing && videoId) && title && (
+          <Text truncate priority="400">
+            <b>{title}</b>
+          </Text>
+        )}
+      </UrlPreviewContent>
+    </Box>
   );
 }
 
@@ -1733,18 +2008,38 @@ export const UrlPreviewCard = as<'div', { url: string; ts: number }>(
 
     if (previewStatus.status === AsyncStatus.Error) return null;
 
+    // Interactive embeds (players, tweets) render in a wider, responsive card so
+    // player chrome / tweet content isn't cramped or clipped.
+    const embed = parseMediaEmbed(url, window.location.hostname);
+    const wide = !!embed || isTwitterTweet(url);
+    const cardClass = wide ? previewCss.UrlPreviewWide : undefined;
+
     const renderContent = (prev: IPreviewUrlResponse): React.ReactNode => {
+      // Embeddable media (YouTube/Vimeo/TikTok/Dailymotion/Streamable/Twitch/
+      // Spotify/SoundCloud/Apple Music/Tidal/Instagram/Reddit) → click-to-play tile.
+      // Short "copy-link" share URLs (e.g. vm.tiktok.com, tiktok.com/t/…, youtu.be
+      // redirects) don't carry the id, so fall back to the canonical og:url that
+      // the homeserver already resolved when fetching the preview.
+      const ogUrl = prev['og:url'];
+      const resolvedEmbed =
+        embed ??
+        (typeof ogUrl === 'string' && ogUrl !== url
+          ? parseMediaEmbed(ogUrl, window.location.hostname)
+          : null);
+      if (resolvedEmbed) {
+        return <MediaEmbedCard url={url} prev={prev} embed={resolvedEmbed} />;
+      }
+
+      // TikTok video links (incl. short share links) get their own oEmbed-resolving card.
+      if (isTikTokLink(url)) {
+        return <TikTokEmbedCard url={url} prev={prev} />;
+      }
+
       const variant = getCardVariant(url);
 
       switch (variant) {
-        case 'youtube-shorts':
-          return <YouTubeShortsCard url={url} prev={prev} />;
-        case 'youtube':
-          return <YouTubeCard url={url} prev={prev} />;
         case 'tiktok':
           return <TikTokCard url={url} prev={prev} mx={mx} useAuthentication={useAuthentication} />;
-        case 'vimeo':
-          return <VimeoCard url={url} prev={prev} />;
         case 'github':
           return <GitHubCard url={url} prev={prev} />;
         case 'twitter':
@@ -1826,14 +2121,14 @@ export const UrlPreviewCard = as<'div', { url: string; ts: number }>(
       const content = renderContent(previewStatus.data);
       if (content === null) return null;
       return (
-        <UrlPreview {...props} ref={ref}>
+        <UrlPreview {...props} ref={ref} className={cardClass}>
           {content}
         </UrlPreview>
       );
     }
 
     return (
-      <UrlPreview {...props} ref={ref}>
+      <UrlPreview {...props} ref={ref} className={cardClass}>
         <Box grow="Yes" alignItems="Center" justifyContent="Center">
           <Spinner variant="Secondary" size="400" />
         </Box>

src/app/features/settings/general/General.tsx

@@ -2250,6 +2250,7 @@ function Messages() {
   const [mediaAutoLoad, setMediaAutoLoad] = useSetting(settingsAtom, 'mediaAutoLoad');
   const [urlPreview, setUrlPreview] = useSetting(settingsAtom, 'urlPreview');
   const [encUrlPreview, setEncUrlPreview] = useSetting(settingsAtom, 'encUrlPreview');
+  const [inlineMediaEmbeds, setInlineMediaEmbeds] = useSetting(settingsAtom, 'inlineMediaEmbeds');
   const [showHiddenEvents, setShowHiddenEvents] = useSetting(settingsAtom, 'showHiddenEvents');
   const [enforceRetentionLocally, setEnforceRetentionLocally] = useSetting(
     settingsAtom,
@@ -2344,6 +2345,15 @@ function Messages() {
           after={<Switch variant="Primary" value={encUrlPreview} onChange={setEncUrlPreview} />}
         />
       </SequenceCard>
+      <SequenceCard className={SequenceCardStyle} variant="SurfaceVariant" direction="Column">
+        <SettingTile
+          title="Inline Media Players"
+          description="Play YouTube, Vimeo, TikTok, Twitch, Spotify and more right in the chat. Nothing loads from the third-party site until you press play."
+          after={
+            <Switch variant="Primary" value={inlineMediaEmbeds} onChange={setInlineMediaEmbeds} />
+          }
+        />
+      </SequenceCard>
       <SequenceCard className={SequenceCardStyle} variant="SurfaceVariant" direction="Column">
         <SettingTile
           title="Show Hidden Events"

src/app/state/settings.ts

@@ -182,6 +182,7 @@ export interface Settings {
   mediaAutoLoad: boolean;
   urlPreview: boolean;
   encUrlPreview: boolean;
+  inlineMediaEmbeds: boolean;
   showHiddenEvents: boolean;
   // [MSC1763] Opt-in: permanently redact your OWN messages once a room's
   // retention window passes (default off — nothing auto-deletes by surprise).
@@ -290,6 +291,7 @@ const defaultSettings: Settings = {
   mediaAutoLoad: true,
   urlPreview: true,
   encUrlPreview: true,
+  inlineMediaEmbeds: true,
   showHiddenEvents: false,
   enforceRetentionLocally: false,
   legacyUsernameColor: false,

src/app/utils/videoEmbed.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+import { test } from 'node:test';
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict';
+import {
+  getYouTubeVideoId,
+  getYoutubeShortsId,
+  isYouTubeShorts,
+  getVimeoVideoId,
+  getVimeoParts,
+  extractEmbedHeight,
+  getTikTokVideoId,
+  isTikTokLink,
+  tiktokIdFromOembed,
+  tiktokPlayerEmbedUrl,
+  getDailymotionId,
+  getStreamableId,
+  getTwitchTarget,
+  getSpotifyEmbedTarget,
+  isSoundCloudTrack,
+  getAppleMusicEmbed,
+  getTweetId,
+  getTidalEmbed,
+  getInstagramEmbed,
+  getRedditPostEmbed,
+  getBlueskyEmbed,
+  getLoomId,
+  getKickChannel,
+  buildVideoEmbedUrl,
+  spotifyEmbedHeight,
+  parseMediaEmbed,
+} from './videoEmbed';
+
+const HOST = 'chat.lotusguild.org';
+
+test('YouTube: watch / youtu.be / embed / shorts', () => {
+  assert.equal(getYouTubeVideoId('https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ'), 'dQw4w9WgXcQ');
+  assert.equal(getYouTubeVideoId('https://youtu.be/dQw4w9WgXcQ?t=42'), 'dQw4w9WgXcQ');
+  assert.equal(getYouTubeVideoId('https://www.youtube.com/embed/dQw4w9WgXcQ'), 'dQw4w9WgXcQ');
+  assert.equal(getYouTubeVideoId('https://youtube.com/shorts/abc123DEF_-'), 'abc123DEF_-');
+  assert.equal(getYouTubeVideoId('https://www.youtube.com/live/abcLIVE123'), 'abcLIVE123');
+  assert.equal(getYouTubeVideoId('https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=musicId12'), 'musicId12');
+  assert.equal(getYouTubeVideoId('https://vimeo.com/123'), null);
+  assert.equal(isYouTubeShorts('https://www.youtube.com/shorts/abc123'), true);
+  assert.equal(getYoutubeShortsId('https://youtube.com/shorts/abc123'), 'abc123');
+});
+
+test('Vimeo (incl. unlisted hash + channel/group/album forms)', () => {
+  assert.equal(getVimeoVideoId('https://vimeo.com/123456789'), '123456789');
+  assert.equal(getVimeoVideoId('https://vimeo.com/channels/staffpicks'), null);
+  assert.deepEqual(getVimeoParts('https://vimeo.com/123456789/abc123'), {
+    id: '123456789',
+    hash: 'abc123',
+  });
+  assert.ok(parseMediaEmbed('https://vimeo.com/123456789/abc123', 'h')?.embedUrl.includes('h=abc123'));
+  // channel / group / album share a trailing numeric video id
+  assert.equal(getVimeoParts('https://vimeo.com/channels/staffpicks/76979871')?.id, '76979871');
+  assert.equal(getVimeoParts('https://vimeo.com/groups/motion/videos/12345')?.id, '12345');
+  assert.equal(getVimeoParts('https://vimeo.com/album/99/video/54321')?.id, '54321');
+});
+
+test('extractEmbedHeight: Instagram / Reddit / Twitter shapes', () => {
+  assert.equal(extractEmbedHeight({ type: 'MEASURE', details: { height: 640 } }), 640);
+  assert.equal(extractEmbedHeight({ type: 'resize.embed', data: 812 }), 812); // Reddit
+  assert.equal(
+    extractEmbedHeight({ 'twttr.embed': [{ method: 'twttr.private.resize', params: [{ height: 500 }] }] }),
+    500,
+  );
+  assert.equal(extractEmbedHeight({ height: 300 }), 300); // generic fallback
+  assert.equal(extractEmbedHeight({ type: 'other' }), undefined);
+  assert.equal(extractEmbedHeight('not-an-object'), undefined);
+});
+
+test('mobile Shorts (m.youtube.com) → portrait', () => {
+  assert.equal(parseMediaEmbed('https://m.youtube.com/shorts/abc123', 'h')?.kind, 'portrait');
+});
+
+test('TikTok: canonical /video/<id> only', () => {
+  assert.equal(getTikTokVideoId('https://www.tiktok.com/@user/video/7234567890123456789'), '7234567890123456789');
+  assert.equal(getTikTokVideoId('https://vm.tiktok.com/ZMabc/'), null); // short link → oEmbed
+  assert.equal(getTikTokVideoId('https://www.tiktok.com/@user'), null);
+});
+
+test('isTikTokLink: canonical + short + vm/vt', () => {
+  assert.equal(isTikTokLink('https://www.tiktok.com/@user/video/123'), true);
+  assert.equal(isTikTokLink('https://www.tiktok.com/t/ZTSHuuXWq/'), true);
+  assert.equal(isTikTokLink('https://vm.tiktok.com/ZMabc/'), true);
+  assert.equal(isTikTokLink('https://www.tiktok.com/@user'), false); // profile, not a video
+  assert.equal(isTikTokLink('https://youtube.com/watch?v=x'), false);
+  assert.equal(parseMediaEmbed('https://www.tiktok.com/@u/video/123', 'h'), null); // handled by its own card
+});
+
+test('tiktokIdFromOembed + player url', () => {
+  assert.equal(tiktokIdFromOembed({ embed_product_id: '7659555276823006478' }), '7659555276823006478');
+  assert.equal(tiktokIdFromOembed({ html: '<blockquote data-video-id="123456">' }), '123456');
+  assert.equal(tiktokIdFromOembed({}), null);
+  assert.equal(tiktokPlayerEmbedUrl('999'), 'https://www.tiktok.com/player/v1/999?autoplay=1&rel=0');
+});
+
+test('Dailymotion + Streamable', () => {
+  assert.equal(getDailymotionId('https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x8abcde'), 'x8abcde');
+  assert.equal(getDailymotionId('https://dai.ly/x8abcde'), 'x8abcde');
+  assert.equal(getStreamableId('https://streamable.com/abc12'), 'abc12');
+  assert.equal(getStreamableId('https://streamable.com/e/abc12'), null); // already an embed path
+});
+
+test('Twitch: channel / video / clip', () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(getTwitchTarget('https://www.twitch.tv/somestreamer'), {
+    type: 'channel',
+    value: 'somestreamer',
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(getTwitchTarget('https://www.twitch.tv/videos/123456789'), {
+    type: 'video',
+    value: '123456789',
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(getTwitchTarget('https://clips.twitch.tv/FunnyClipSlug'), {
+    type: 'clip',
+    value: 'FunnyClipSlug',
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(getTwitchTarget('https://www.twitch.tv/streamer/clip/CoolSlug'), {
+    type: 'clip',
+    value: 'CoolSlug',
+  });
+});
+
+test('Spotify target + height', () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(getSpotifyEmbedTarget('https://open.spotify.com/track/4cOdK2wGLETKBW3PvgPWqT'), {
+    type: 'track',
+    id: '4cOdK2wGLETKBW3PvgPWqT',
+  });
+  assert.deepEqual(getSpotifyEmbedTarget('https://open.spotify.com/intl-de/album/xyz'), {
+    type: 'album',
+    id: 'xyz',
+  });
+  assert.equal(getSpotifyEmbedTarget('https://open.spotify.com/'), null);
+  assert.equal(spotifyEmbedHeight('track'), 152);
+  assert.equal(spotifyEmbedHeight('album'), 352);
+});
+
+test('SoundCloud track detection', () => {
+  assert.equal(isSoundCloudTrack('https://soundcloud.com/artist/some-track'), true);
+  assert.equal(isSoundCloudTrack('https://soundcloud.com/artist'), false); // bare profile
+  // on.soundcloud.com short links intentionally not handled (need oEmbed resolve)
+  assert.equal(isSoundCloudTrack('https://on.soundcloud.com/abc123'), false);
+});
+
+test('buildVideoEmbedUrl: cookie-less YouTube + Vimeo', () => {
+  assert.equal(
+    buildVideoEmbedUrl('youtube', 'dQw4w9WgXcQ'),
+    'https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/dQw4w9WgXcQ?autoplay=1&rel=0&playsinline=1',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    buildVideoEmbedUrl('vimeo', '42'),
+    'https://player.vimeo.com/video/42?autoplay=1&dnt=1',
+  );
+  assert.equal(
+    buildVideoEmbedUrl('vimeo', '42', 'h4sh'),
+    'https://player.vimeo.com/video/42?autoplay=1&dnt=1&h=h4sh',
+  );
+});
+
+test('parseMediaEmbed: routes provider + kind, builds embed URLs', () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(parseMediaEmbed('https://youtube.com/shorts/abc', HOST), {
+    provider: 'youtube',
+    kind: 'portrait',
+    embedUrl: 'https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/abc?autoplay=1&rel=0&playsinline=1',
+  });
+  assert.equal(parseMediaEmbed('https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xyz', HOST)?.kind, 'landscape');
+  assert.equal(parseMediaEmbed('https://streamable.com/abc', HOST)?.provider, 'streamable');
+  const spotify = parseMediaEmbed('https://open.spotify.com/track/abc', HOST);
+  assert.equal(spotify?.kind, 'audio');
+  assert.equal(spotify?.height, 152);
+  assert.equal(parseMediaEmbed('https://soundcloud.com/a/b', HOST)?.provider, 'soundcloud');
+  assert.equal(parseMediaEmbed('https://example.com/x', HOST), null);
+});
+
+test('Apple Music: album vs single song height, embed host swap', () => {
+  const album = getAppleMusicEmbed('https://music.apple.com/us/album/some-album/123456');
+  assert.equal(album?.embedUrl, 'https://embed.music.apple.com/us/album/some-album/123456');
+  assert.equal(album?.height, 450);
+  const song = getAppleMusicEmbed('https://music.apple.com/us/album/some-album/123456?i=789');
+  assert.equal(song?.height, 175);
+  assert.ok(song?.embedUrl.includes('?i=789'));
+  assert.equal(getAppleMusicEmbed('https://music.apple.com/us/browse'), null);
+  assert.equal(getAppleMusicEmbed('https://example.com/album/x/1'), null);
+});
+
+test('getTweetId', () => {
+  assert.equal(getTweetId('https://x.com/user/status/1799999999999999999'), '1799999999999999999');
+  assert.equal(getTweetId('https://twitter.com/user/status/12345'), '12345');
+  assert.equal(getTweetId('https://x.com/user'), null);
+  assert.equal(getTweetId('https://youtube.com/watch?v=x'), null);
+});
+
+test('parseMediaEmbed: Apple Music → audio', () => {
+  const m = parseMediaEmbed('https://music.apple.com/us/album/x/1?i=2', 'chat.lotusguild.org');
+  assert.equal(m?.provider, 'applemusic');
+  assert.equal(m?.kind, 'audio');
+  assert.equal(m?.height, 175);
+});
+
+test('Tidal: track (audio) vs video (landscape)', () => {
+  assert.deepEqual(getTidalEmbed('https://tidal.com/browse/track/12345'), {
+    kind: 'audio',
+    embedUrl: 'https://embed.tidal.com/tracks/12345',
+    height: 120,
+  });
+  assert.equal(getTidalEmbed('https://listen.tidal.com/album/999')?.embedUrl, 'https://embed.tidal.com/albums/999?layout=gridify');
+  assert.equal(getTidalEmbed('https://listen.tidal.com/album/999')?.height, 275);
+  assert.equal(getTidalEmbed('https://tidal.com/video/555')?.kind, 'landscape');
+  assert.equal(getTidalEmbed('https://tidal.com/browse'), null);
+});
+
+test('Instagram: p / reel / tv → embed path', () => {
+  assert.equal(getInstagramEmbed('https://www.instagram.com/p/AbC123_-/'), 'https://www.instagram.com/p/AbC123_-/embed/');
+  assert.equal(getInstagramEmbed('https://instagram.com/reel/XyZ/'), 'https://www.instagram.com/reel/XyZ/embed/');
+  assert.equal(getInstagramEmbed('https://www.instagram.com/reels/XyZ/'), 'https://www.instagram.com/reel/XyZ/embed/');
+  assert.equal(getInstagramEmbed('https://www.instagram.com/someuser/'), null);
+});
+
+test('Reddit post embed → redditmedia', () => {
+  assert.equal(
+    getRedditPostEmbed('https://www.reddit.com/r/aww/comments/abc123/cute_cat/'),
+    'https://embed.reddit.com/r/aww/comments/abc123/?ref_source=embed&ref=share&embed=true&theme=dark',
+  );
+  assert.equal(getRedditPostEmbed('https://old.reddit.com/r/aww/comments/xyz/'), 'https://embed.reddit.com/r/aww/comments/xyz/?ref_source=embed&ref=share&embed=true&theme=dark');
+  assert.equal(getRedditPostEmbed('https://www.reddit.com/r/aww/'), null); // subreddit, not a post
+  // redd.it short link → comments-only embed (no subreddit in the redirect)
+  assert.equal(getRedditPostEmbed('https://redd.it/1abc23'), 'https://embed.reddit.com/comments/1abc23/?ref_source=embed&ref=share&embed=true&theme=dark');
+});
+
+test('parseMediaEmbed: Instagram/Reddit → rich, Tidal → audio', () => {
+  assert.equal(parseMediaEmbed('https://www.instagram.com/p/abc/', 'h')?.kind, 'rich');
+  assert.equal(parseMediaEmbed('https://www.reddit.com/r/x/comments/y/z/', 'h')?.provider, 'reddit');
+  assert.equal(parseMediaEmbed('https://tidal.com/browse/track/1', 'h')?.provider, 'tidal');
+});
+
+test('Bluesky / Loom / Kick', () => {
+  assert.equal(
+    getBlueskyEmbed('https://bsky.app/profile/alice.bsky.social/post/3kabc'),
+    'https://embed.bsky.app/embed/alice.bsky.social/app.bsky.feed.post/3kabc',
+  );
+  assert.equal(getBlueskyEmbed('https://bsky.app/profile/alice.bsky.social'), null);
+  assert.equal(parseMediaEmbed('https://bsky.app/profile/a.bsky.social/post/3k', 'h')?.kind, 'rich');
+
+  assert.equal(getLoomId('https://www.loom.com/share/abc123DEF'), 'abc123DEF');
+  assert.equal(getLoomId('https://www.loom.com/embed/abc123DEF'), 'abc123DEF');
+  assert.equal(
+    parseMediaEmbed('https://www.loom.com/share/xyz', 'h')?.embedUrl,
+    'https://www.loom.com/embed/xyz',
+  );
+
+  assert.equal(getKickChannel('https://kick.com/somestreamer'), 'somestreamer');
+  assert.equal(getKickChannel('https://kick.com/streamer/videos/123'), null); // VOD → no embed
+  assert.ok(
+    parseMediaEmbed('https://kick.com/streamer', 'h')?.embedUrl.includes(
+      'player.kick.com/streamer?autoplay=true',
+    ),
+  );
+});
+
+test('parseMediaEmbed: Twitch embed carries the parent host', () => {
+  const chan = parseMediaEmbed('https://twitch.tv/streamer', HOST);
+  assert.equal(chan?.provider, 'twitch');
+  assert.ok(chan?.embedUrl.includes('channel=streamer'));
+  assert.ok(chan?.embedUrl.includes(`parent=${HOST}`));
+  const clip = parseMediaEmbed('https://clips.twitch.tv/Slug', HOST);
+  assert.ok(clip?.embedUrl.startsWith('https://clips.twitch.tv/embed?clip=Slug'));
+});

src/app/utils/videoEmbed.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,542 @@
+// Pure helpers for detecting embeddable media URLs and building their embed
+// URLs. No React/DOM/CSS imports so this stays unit-testable in isolation.
+//
+// "kind" drives how the card lays the embed out:
+//   landscape → 16:9 video      portrait → 9:16 video
+//   audio     → short fixed-height player (Spotify/SoundCloud/Tidal/Apple Music)
+//   rich      → tall fixed-height post embed (Instagram / Reddit)
+
+export type EmbedKind = 'landscape' | 'portrait' | 'audio' | 'rich';
+
+export type MediaEmbed = {
+  provider: string;
+  kind: EmbedKind;
+  embedUrl: string;
+  /** Fixed pixel height for audio/rich embeds (aspect-ratio is used for video). */
+  height?: number;
+};
+
+// --- YouTube --------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const YOUTUBE_HOSTS = ['www.youtube.com', 'youtube.com', 'm.youtube.com', 'music.youtube.com'];
+
+export function getYouTubeVideoId(url: string): string | null {
+  try {
+    const { hostname, pathname, searchParams } = new URL(url);
+    if (hostname === 'youtu.be') return pathname.slice(1).split('/')[0] || null;
+    if (YOUTUBE_HOSTS.includes(hostname)) {
+      if (pathname === '/watch') return searchParams.get('v');
+      const m =
+        pathname.match(/^\/embed\/([A-Za-z0-9_-]+)/) ||
+        pathname.match(/^\/live\/([A-Za-z0-9_-]+)/) ||
+        pathname.match(/^\/shorts\/([A-Za-z0-9_-]+)/);
+      if (m) return m[1];
+    }
+  } catch {
+    /* ignore */
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+export function isYouTubeShorts(url: string): boolean {
+  try {
+    const { hostname, pathname } = new URL(url);
+    if (!YOUTUBE_HOSTS.includes(hostname)) return false;
+    return /^\/shorts\/[A-Za-z0-9_-]+/.test(pathname);
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+export function getYoutubeShortsId(url: string): string | null {
+  try {
+    const { hostname, pathname } = new URL(url);
+    if (!YOUTUBE_HOSTS.includes(hostname)) return null;
+    const m = pathname.match(/^\/shorts\/([A-Za-z0-9_-]+)/);
+    return m ? m[1] : null;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+// --- Vimeo ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/** Vimeo id + optional private/unlisted hash (vimeo.com/{id}/{hash}). */
+export function getVimeoParts(url: string): { id: string; hash?: string } | null {
+  try {
+    const { hostname, pathname } = new URL(url);
+    if (hostname !== 'vimeo.com' && hostname !== 'www.vimeo.com') return null;
+    // Canonical /{id} or unlisted /{id}/{hash}
+    let m = pathname.match(/^\/(\d+)(?:\/([0-9a-zA-Z]+))?/);
+    if (m) return { id: m[1], hash: m[2] };
+    // channels/groups/album share a trailing numeric video id
+    m = pathname.match(/\/(?:channels\/[^/]+|groups\/[^/]+\/videos|album\/[^/]+\/video)\/(\d+)/);
+    if (m) return { id: m[1] };
+    return null;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+export function getVimeoVideoId(url: string): string | null {
+  return getVimeoParts(url)?.id ?? null;
+}
+
+// --- TikTok ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/** Canonical /video/<id> links only; short links resolve via oEmbed (below). */
+export function getTikTokVideoId(url: string): string | null {
+  try {
+    const { hostname, pathname } = new URL(url);
+    const h = hostname.replace(/^www\./, '');
+    if (h !== 'tiktok.com') return null;
+    const m = pathname.match(/\/video\/(\d+)/);
+    return m ? m[1] : null;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+/** Any embeddable TikTok video link — canonical, short (/t/, /v/), or vm/vt.tiktok.com. */
+export function isTikTokLink(url: string): boolean {
+  try {
+    const { hostname, pathname } = new URL(url);
+    const h = hostname.replace(/^www\./, '');
+    if (h === 'vm.tiktok.com' || h === 'vt.tiktok.com') return true;
+    if (h === 'tiktok.com') return /^\/(t\/|v\/|embed\/|@[^/]+\/video\/)/.test(pathname);
+    return false;
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+export function tiktokOembedUrl(url: string): string {
+  return `https://www.tiktok.com/oembed?url=${encodeURIComponent(url)}`;
+}
+
+/** Extract the numeric video id from a TikTok oEmbed JSON response. */
+export function tiktokIdFromOembed(data: {
+  embed_product_id?: unknown;
+  html?: unknown;
+}): string | null {
+  const pid = String(data.embed_product_id ?? '').match(/\d+/)?.[0];
+  if (pid) return pid;
+  if (typeof data.html === 'string') {
+    return data.html.match(/data-video-id="(\d+)"/)?.[1] ?? data.html.match(/\/video\/(\d+)/)?.[1] ?? null;
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Read a content height out of the postMessage shapes used by the resizable
+ * embeds. Shapes verified against the providers' live 2026 embed scripts:
+ *   Instagram: { type: 'MEASURE', details: { height } }
+ *   Reddit:    { type: 'resize.embed', data: <height> }
+ *   Twitter/X: { 'twttr.embed': [{ method: 'twttr.private.resize', params: [{ height }] }] }
+ */
+export function extractEmbedHeight(data: unknown): number | undefined {
+  if (!data || typeof data !== 'object') return undefined;
+  const d = data as {
+    type?: string;
+    height?: number;
+    data?: unknown;
+    details?: { height?: number };
+    'twttr.embed'?: unknown;
+  };
+  if (d.type === 'MEASURE' && typeof d.details?.height === 'number') return d.details.height;
+  if (d.type === 'resize.embed' && typeof d.data === 'number') return d.data;
+  const tw = d['twttr.embed'];
+  if (tw) {
+    const calls = (Array.isArray(tw) ? tw : [tw]) as Array<{
+      method?: string;
+      params?: Array<{ height?: number }>;
+    }>;
+    for (let i = 0; i < calls.length; i += 1) {
+      const c = calls[i];
+      if (c?.method === 'twttr.private.resize' && typeof c.params?.[0]?.height === 'number') {
+        return c.params[0].height;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (typeof d.height === 'number') return d.height;
+  return undefined;
+}
+
+export function tiktokPlayerEmbedUrl(id: string): string {
+  // Pure 9:16 video player. music_info/description default OFF (they'd switch
+  // TikTok to a wide "video + info panel" layout); controls/progress/play/volume/
+  // fullscreen buttons all default ON, so only autoplay + rel are load-bearing.
+  return `https://www.tiktok.com/player/v1/${encodeURIComponent(id)}?autoplay=1&rel=0`;
+}
+
+// --- Dailymotion ----------------------------------------------------------
+
+export function getDailymotionId(url: string): string | null {
+  try {
+    const { hostname, pathname } = new URL(url);
+    const h = hostname.replace(/^www\./, '');
+    if (h === 'dai.ly') return pathname.slice(1).split('/')[0] || null;
+    if (h === 'dailymotion.com') {
+      const m = pathname.match(/^\/video\/([A-Za-z0-9]+)/);
+      return m ? m[1] : null;
+    }
+  } catch {
+    /* ignore */
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+// --- Streamable -----------------------------------------------------------
+
+export function getStreamableId(url: string): string | null {
+  try {
+    const { hostname, pathname } = new URL(url);
+    if (hostname.replace(/^www\./, '') !== 'streamable.com') return null;
+    const m = pathname.match(/^\/([A-Za-z0-9]+)/);
+    return m && m[1] !== 'e' ? m[1] : null;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+// --- Twitch ---------------------------------------------------------------
+
+export type TwitchTarget =
+  | { type: 'channel'; value: string }
+  | { type: 'video'; value: string }
+  | { type: 'clip'; value: string };
+
+export function getTwitchTarget(url: string): TwitchTarget | null {
+  try {
+    const { hostname, pathname } = new URL(url);
+    const h = hostname.replace(/^www\./, '');
+    const parts = pathname.replace(/^\/+|\/+$/g, '').split('/');
+    if (h === 'clips.twitch.tv' && parts[0]) return { type: 'clip', value: parts[0] };
+    if (h === 'twitch.tv' || h === 'm.twitch.tv') {
+      if (parts[0] === 'videos' && parts[1]) return { type: 'video', value: parts[1] };
+      if (parts[1] === 'clip' && parts[2]) return { type: 'clip', value: parts[2] };
+      if (parts.length === 1 && parts[0]) return { type: 'channel', value: parts[0] };
+    }
+  } catch {
+    /* ignore */
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+// --- Spotify --------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const SPOTIFY_TYPES = ['track', 'album', 'playlist', 'episode', 'show', 'artist'] as const;
+export type SpotifyType = (typeof SPOTIFY_TYPES)[number];
+
+export function getSpotifyEmbedTarget(url: string): { type: SpotifyType; id: string } | null {
+  try {
+    const { hostname, pathname } = new URL(url);
+    if (hostname !== 'open.spotify.com') return null;
+    // /intl-xx/track/<id> or /track/<id>
+    const parts = pathname.replace(/^\/+/, '').split('/');
+    const idx = parts.findIndex((p) => (SPOTIFY_TYPES as readonly string[]).includes(p));
+    if (idx === -1 || !parts[idx + 1]) return null;
+    return { type: parts[idx] as SpotifyType, id: parts[idx + 1].split('?')[0] };
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+// --- SoundCloud -----------------------------------------------------------
+
+export function isSoundCloudTrack(url: string): boolean {
+  try {
+    const { hostname, pathname } = new URL(url);
+    // NOTE: on.soundcloud.com short links are NOT handled here — the w.soundcloud
+    // widget resolver doesn't follow the redirect; supporting them needs an oEmbed
+    // round-trip (soundcloud.com/oembed is CORS-enabled) to get the canonical URL.
+    if (hostname.replace(/^www\./, '') !== 'soundcloud.com') return false;
+    // /<artist>/<track|sets/set> — at least two segments, not a bare profile
+    const parts = pathname.replace(/^\/+|\/+$/g, '').split('/').filter(Boolean);
+    return parts.length >= 2;
+  } catch {
+    return false;
+  }
+}
+
+// --- Apple Music ----------------------------------------------------------
+
+/** music.apple.com/<cc>/album|playlist|song/<slug>/<id>[?i=<songId>] → embed player. */
+export function getAppleMusicEmbed(
+  url: string,
+): { embedUrl: string; height: number; video: boolean } | null {
+  try {
+    const u = new URL(url);
+    if (u.hostname !== 'music.apple.com' && u.hostname !== 'embed.music.apple.com') return null;
+    if (!/\/(album|playlist|song|music-video)\//.test(u.pathname)) return null;
+    const embedUrl = `https://embed.music.apple.com${u.pathname}${u.search}`;
+    const video = /\/music-video\//.test(u.pathname);
+    // A single song (?i=… on an album, or a /song/ link) is compact; collections are tall.
+    const isSong = u.searchParams.has('i') || /\/song\//.test(u.pathname);
+    return { embedUrl, height: isSong ? 175 : 450, video };
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+// --- X / Twitter ----------------------------------------------------------
+
+export function getTweetId(url: string): string | null {
+  try {
+    const { hostname, pathname } = new URL(url);
+    const h = hostname.replace(/^www\./, '');
+    if (h !== 'twitter.com' && h !== 'x.com' && h !== 'mobile.twitter.com') return null;
+    const m = pathname.match(/\/status(?:es)?\/(\d+)/);
+    return m ? m[1] : null;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+// --- Tidal ----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+export function getTidalEmbed(
+  url: string,
+): { kind: 'audio' | 'landscape'; embedUrl: string; height?: number } | null {
+  try {
+    const u = new URL(url);
+    const h = u.hostname.replace(/^(www|listen|desktop)\./, '');
+    if (h !== 'tidal.com') return null;
+    const p = u.pathname.replace(/^\/browse/, '');
+    let m = p.match(/^\/track\/(\d+)/);
+    if (m) return { kind: 'audio', embedUrl: `https://embed.tidal.com/tracks/${m[1]}`, height: 120 };
+    m = p.match(/^\/album\/(\d+)/);
+    if (m)
+      // layout=gridify → full-width grid that fills the container (fixes the
+      // narrow/centered default); ~275px is Tidal's own album embed height.
+      return {
+        kind: 'audio',
+        embedUrl: `https://embed.tidal.com/albums/${m[1]}?layout=gridify`,
+        height: 275,
+      };
+    m = p.match(/^\/playlist\/([0-9a-fA-F-]+)/);
+    if (m)
+      return {
+        kind: 'audio',
+        embedUrl: `https://embed.tidal.com/playlists/${m[1]}?layout=gridify`,
+        height: 275,
+      };
+    m = p.match(/^\/video\/(\d+)/);
+    if (m) return { kind: 'landscape', embedUrl: `https://embed.tidal.com/videos/${m[1]}` };
+  } catch {
+    /* ignore */
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+// --- Instagram ------------------------------------------------------------
+
+export function getInstagramEmbed(url: string): string | null {
+  try {
+    const u = new URL(url);
+    if (u.hostname !== 'instagram.com' && u.hostname !== 'www.instagram.com') return null;
+    const m = u.pathname.match(/^\/(p|reel|reels|tv)\/([A-Za-z0-9_-]+)/);
+    if (!m) return null;
+    const type = m[1] === 'reels' ? 'reel' : m[1];
+    return `https://www.instagram.com/${type}/${m[2]}/embed/`;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+// --- Reddit (post embed via redditmedia — bypasses the homeserver's blocked
+//     preview fetch, which Reddit serves a bot-check "please wait" page to) ---
+
+const REDDIT_EMBED_QS = '?ref_source=embed&ref=share&embed=true&theme=dark';
+
+export function getRedditPostEmbed(url: string): string | null {
+  try {
+    const u = new URL(url);
+    const h = u.hostname.replace(/^(www|old|new|np|i)\./, '');
+    // redd.it/<id> short link → reddit.com/comments/<id> (no subreddit needed).
+    if (h === 'redd.it') {
+      const id = u.pathname.replace(/^\/+|\/+$/g, '').split('/')[0];
+      return id ? `https://embed.reddit.com/comments/${id}/${REDDIT_EMBED_QS}` : null;
+    }
+    if (h !== 'reddit.com') return null;
+    const m = u.pathname.match(/^\/r\/([A-Za-z0-9_]+)\/comments\/([A-Za-z0-9]+)/);
+    if (!m) return null;
+    // embed.reddit.com is the current host (www.redditmedia.com now 301s here).
+    return `https://embed.reddit.com/r/${m[1]}/comments/${m[2]}/${REDDIT_EMBED_QS}`;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+// --- Loom -----------------------------------------------------------------
+
+export function getLoomId(url: string): string | null {
+  try {
+    const { hostname, pathname } = new URL(url);
+    if (hostname.replace(/^www\./, '') !== 'loom.com') return null;
+    const m = pathname.match(/^\/(?:share|embed)\/([A-Za-z0-9]+)/);
+    return m ? m[1] : null;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+// --- Kick (live channels only; VODs/clips have no clean iframe) ------------
+
+export function getKickChannel(url: string): string | null {
+  try {
+    const { hostname, pathname } = new URL(url);
+    if (hostname.replace(/^www\./, '') !== 'kick.com') return null;
+    const parts = pathname.replace(/^\/+|\/+$/g, '').split('/').filter(Boolean);
+    return parts.length === 1 && /^[A-Za-z0-9_]+$/.test(parts[0]) ? parts[0] : null;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+// --- Bluesky --------------------------------------------------------------
+
+export function getBlueskyEmbed(url: string): string | null {
+  try {
+    const { hostname, pathname } = new URL(url);
+    if (hostname !== 'bsky.app' && hostname !== 'www.bsky.app') return null;
+    const m = pathname.match(/^\/profile\/([^/]+)\/post\/([A-Za-z0-9]+)/);
+    // authority is a handle or did; embed.bsky.app resolves either.
+    return m ? `https://embed.bsky.app/embed/${m[1]}/app.bsky.feed.post/${m[2]}` : null;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+// --- Embed-URL builders ---------------------------------------------------
+
+const enc = encodeURIComponent;
+
+export function buildVideoEmbedUrl(provider: 'youtube' | 'vimeo', id: string, hash?: string): string {
+  if (provider === 'vimeo') {
+    // dnt=1 = Do Not Track (no non-essential cookies); h={hash} required for unlisted.
+    return `https://player.vimeo.com/video/${enc(id)}?autoplay=1&dnt=1${
+      hash ? `&h=${enc(hash)}` : ''
+    }`;
+  }
+  // playsinline=1 keeps iOS Safari from forcing the native fullscreen player.
+  return `https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/${enc(id)}?autoplay=1&rel=0&playsinline=1`;
+}
+
+/** Spotify compact players (track/episode) are short; collections are taller. */
+export function spotifyEmbedHeight(type: SpotifyType): number {
+  return type === 'track' || type === 'episode' ? 152 : 352;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve any supported media URL to an embed spec, or null if none applies.
+ * `host` is the current page hostname — required by Twitch's `parent` param.
+ */
+export function parseMediaEmbed(url: string, host: string): MediaEmbed | null {
+  const shortsId = getYoutubeShortsId(url);
+  if (shortsId)
+    return { provider: 'youtube', kind: 'portrait', embedUrl: buildVideoEmbedUrl('youtube', shortsId) };
+
+  const ytId = getYouTubeVideoId(url);
+  if (ytId)
+    return { provider: 'youtube', kind: 'landscape', embedUrl: buildVideoEmbedUrl('youtube', ytId) };
+
+  const vimeo = getVimeoParts(url);
+  if (vimeo)
+    return {
+      provider: 'vimeo',
+      kind: 'landscape',
+      embedUrl: buildVideoEmbedUrl('vimeo', vimeo.id, vimeo.hash),
+    };
+
+  // NOTE: TikTok is handled by its own card (TikTokEmbedCard) — short "copy-link"
+  // URLs (vm.tiktok.com, tiktok.com/t/…) need a client-side oEmbed lookup to
+  // resolve the video id, which a sync parser can't do. See isTikTokLink below.
+
+  const dmId = getDailymotionId(url);
+  if (dmId)
+    return {
+      provider: 'dailymotion',
+      kind: 'landscape',
+      // geo.dailymotion.com is the current player; the old /embed/video path was
+      // deprecated in Sept 2024.
+      embedUrl: `https://geo.dailymotion.com/player.html?video=${enc(dmId)}&autoplay=1`,
+    };
+
+  const streamableId = getStreamableId(url);
+  if (streamableId)
+    return {
+      provider: 'streamable',
+      kind: 'landscape',
+      embedUrl: `https://streamable.com/e/${enc(streamableId)}?autoplay=1`,
+    };
+
+  const twitch = getTwitchTarget(url);
+  if (twitch) {
+    const parent = enc(host);
+    const embedUrl =
+      twitch.type === 'clip'
+        ? `https://clips.twitch.tv/embed?clip=${enc(twitch.value)}&parent=${parent}&autoplay=true`
+        : `https://player.twitch.tv/?${twitch.type}=${enc(twitch.value)}&parent=${parent}&autoplay=true`;
+    return { provider: 'twitch', kind: 'landscape', embedUrl };
+  }
+
+  const spotify = getSpotifyEmbedTarget(url);
+  if (spotify)
+    return {
+      provider: 'spotify',
+      kind: 'audio',
+      embedUrl: `https://open.spotify.com/embed/${spotify.type}/${enc(spotify.id)}`,
+      height: spotifyEmbedHeight(spotify.type),
+    };
+
+  if (isSoundCloudTrack(url))
+    return {
+      provider: 'soundcloud',
+      kind: 'audio',
+      embedUrl: `https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=${enc(
+        url,
+      )}&color=%23ff5500&auto_play=true&show_comments=false&hide_related=true`,
+      height: 166,
+    };
+
+  const apple = getAppleMusicEmbed(url);
+  if (apple)
+    return {
+      provider: 'applemusic',
+      kind: apple.video ? 'landscape' : 'audio',
+      embedUrl: apple.embedUrl,
+      height: apple.video ? undefined : apple.height,
+    };
+
+  const tidal = getTidalEmbed(url);
+  if (tidal)
+    return { provider: 'tidal', kind: tidal.kind, embedUrl: tidal.embedUrl, height: tidal.height };
+
+  const insta = getInstagramEmbed(url);
+  if (insta) return { provider: 'instagram', kind: 'rich', embedUrl: insta, height: 720 };
+
+  const reddit = getRedditPostEmbed(url);
+  if (reddit) return { provider: 'reddit', kind: 'rich', embedUrl: reddit, height: 480 };
+
+  const bsky = getBlueskyEmbed(url);
+  if (bsky) return { provider: 'bluesky', kind: 'rich', embedUrl: bsky, height: 600 };
+
+  const loomId = getLoomId(url);
+  if (loomId)
+    return {
+      provider: 'loom',
+      kind: 'landscape',
+      embedUrl: `https://www.loom.com/embed/${enc(loomId)}`,
+    };
+
+  const kick = getKickChannel(url);
+  if (kick)
+    return {
+      provider: 'kick',
+      kind: 'landscape',
+      embedUrl: `https://player.kick.com/${enc(kick)}?autoplay=true`,
+    };
+
+  return null;
+}