fix(embeds): parsing over/under-match + broken thumbnails + wide layout

Bugs found by a 3-agent audit of the inline-embed system (core posture —
sandbox, postMessage origin+source, XSS, noreferrer, oEmbed — verified sound);
fixes reviewed by 2 agents on the staged diff (both SHIP).

Parsing (videoEmbed.ts, + tests):
- Twitch/Kick/SoundCloud/Streamable reserved-path exclusion — their own utility
  pages (twitch.tv/directory, kick.com/browse, soundcloud.com/discover/…,
  streamable.com/login, bare /videos) no longer render as broken player embeds.
- SoundCloud: `/<artist>/<tab>` profile-tab listings excluded; `/<artist>/sets/<slug>`
  real sets still detected.
- Vimeo: unlisted-hash capture constrained to lowercase-hex, so a normal video's
  trailing segment (/likes, /settings, a slug) isn't captured as a bogus `h=`
  param that Vimeo then rejects.

Rendering (UrlPreviewCard.tsx, RenderMessageContent.tsx):
- Spotify/Steam/Discord/IMDb route og:image through mxcUrlToHttp like every other
  card — a raw og:image is an mxc:// URI (broken <img> on standard Synapse) or an
  off-homeserver request that defeats the click-to-play facade.
- `wide` card class now follows the RESOLVED embed (incl. the og:url short-link
  fallback), so an og:url-resolved player gets the wide layout, not a cramped one.
- Twitter host detection (isTwitter/isTwitterTweet) aligned with getTweetId —
  mobile.twitter.com and legacy /statuses/ now route to the Twitter card/embed.
- De-dupe preview URLs so a message repeating a link doesn't render sibling
  cards with identical React keys.

Gates: tsc 0, eslint 0, prettier clean, 910 tests, build ok.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

src/app/components/RenderMessageContent.tsx

@@ -88,8 +88,9 @@ export function RenderMessageContent({
 }: RenderMessageContentProps) {
   const renderUrlsPreview = (urls: string[]) => {
     // Cap previews per message so a link-dump doesn't spawn dozens of preview
-    // fetches + iframes at once.
+    // fetches + iframes at once. De-dupe first: a message linking the same URL
-    const filteredUrls = urls.filter((url) => !testMatrixTo(url)).slice(0, 6);
+    // twice would otherwise render sibling cards with identical React keys.
+    const filteredUrls = [...new Set(urls.filter((url) => !testMatrixTo(url)))].slice(0, 6);
     if (filteredUrls.length === 0) return undefined;
     return (
       <UrlPreviewHolder>

src/app/components/url-preview/UrlPreviewCard.tsx

@@ -116,11 +116,15 @@ function isGitHubRepo(url: string): boolean {
   }
 }
 
+// Keep these hosts + the /status(es) pattern in sync with getTweetId
+// (videoEmbed.ts): otherwise a mobile.twitter.com / legacy /statuses/ tweet has
+// an extractable id but never routes to the Twitter card or "View post" embed.
+const TWITTER_HOSTS = new Set(['twitter.com', 'x.com', 'mobile.twitter.com']);
+
 function isTwitter(url: string): boolean {
   try {
     const { hostname } = new URL(url);
-    const h = hostname.replace(/^www\./, '');
+    return TWITTER_HOSTS.has(hostname.replace(/^www\./, ''));
-    return h === 'twitter.com' || h === 'x.com';
   } catch {
     return false;
   }
@@ -129,9 +133,8 @@ function isTwitter(url: string): boolean {
 function isTwitterTweet(url: string): boolean {
   try {
     const { hostname, pathname } = new URL(url);
-    const h = hostname.replace(/^www\./, '');
+    if (!TWITTER_HOSTS.has(hostname.replace(/^www\./, ''))) return false;
-    if (h !== 'twitter.com' && h !== 'x.com') return false;
+    return /\/status(?:es)?\/\d+/.test(pathname);
-    return /\/status\/\d+/.test(pathname);
   } catch {
     return false;
   }
@@ -1499,9 +1502,17 @@ function GitHubCard({ url, prev }: { url: string; prev: IPreviewUrlResponse }) {
 }
 
 function SpotifyCard({ url, prev }: { url: string; prev: IPreviewUrlResponse }) {
+  const mx = useMatrixClient();
+  const useAuthentication = useMediaAuthentication();
   const title = prev['og:title'] ?? '';
   const description = prev['og:description'] ?? '';
-  const artworkUrl = (prev['og:image'] as string | undefined) ?? '';
+  const mxcImage = prev['og:image'] as string | undefined;
+  // Route through the homeserver like every other card — a raw og:image would
+  // be an mxc:// URI (broken <img>) on a standard HS, or an off-HS request that
+  // defeats the click-to-play facade on a nonstandard one.
+  const artworkUrl = mxcImage
+    ? mxcUrlToHttp(mx, mxcImage, useAuthentication, 96, 96, 'scale', false)
+    : null;
   const spotifyType = getSpotifyType(url) ?? 'track';
   const typeLabel = spotifyType.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + spotifyType.slice(1);
 
@@ -1552,9 +1563,14 @@ function SpotifyCard({ url, prev }: { url: string; prev: IPreviewUrlResponse })
 }
 
 function SteamCard({ url, prev }: { url: string; prev: IPreviewUrlResponse }) {
+  const mx = useMatrixClient();
+  const useAuthentication = useMediaAuthentication();
   const title = prev['og:title'] ?? '';
   const description = prev['og:description'] ?? '';
-  const thumbnailUrl = (prev['og:image'] as string | undefined) ?? '';
+  const mxcImage = prev['og:image'] as string | undefined;
+  const thumbnailUrl = mxcImage
+    ? mxcUrlToHttp(mx, mxcImage, useAuthentication, 480, 270, 'scale', false)
+    : null;
 
   return (
     <>
@@ -1671,9 +1687,14 @@ function WikipediaCard({ url, prev }: { url: string; prev: IPreviewUrlResponse }
 
 function DiscordCard({ url, prev }: { url: string; prev: IPreviewUrlResponse }) {
   const { t } = useTranslation();
+  const mx = useMatrixClient();
+  const useAuthentication = useMediaAuthentication();
   const title = prev['og:title'] ?? '';
   const description = prev['og:description'] ?? '';
-  const iconUrl = (prev['og:image'] as string | undefined) ?? '';
+  const mxcImage = prev['og:image'] as string | undefined;
+  const iconUrl = mxcImage
+    ? mxcUrlToHttp(mx, mxcImage, useAuthentication, 96, 96, 'scale', false)
+    : null;
 
   return (
     <>
@@ -1834,9 +1855,14 @@ function StackOverflowCard({ url, prev }: { url: string; prev: IPreviewUrlRespon
 }
 
 function ImdbCard({ url, prev }: { url: string; prev: IPreviewUrlResponse }) {
+  const mx = useMatrixClient();
+  const useAuthentication = useMediaAuthentication();
   const title = prev['og:title'] ?? '';
   const description = prev['og:description'] ?? '';
-  const posterUrl = (prev['og:image'] as string | undefined) ?? '';
+  const mxcImage = prev['og:image'] as string | undefined;
+  const posterUrl = mxcImage
+    ? mxcUrlToHttp(mx, mxcImage, useAuthentication, 120, 180, 'scale', false)
+    : null;
 
   return (
     <>
@@ -2075,28 +2101,34 @@ export const UrlPreviewCard = as<'div', { url: string; ts: number }>(
     // Interactive embeds (players, tweets) render in a wider, responsive card so
     // player chrome / tweet content isn't cramped or clipped.
     const embed = parseMediaEmbed(url, window.location.hostname);
-    const wide = !!embed || isTwitterTweet(url);
+    // Short "copy-link" links carry no id, so the embed is only resolvable from
+    // the homeserver's canonical og:url. Resolve it here so `wide` reflects the
+    // ACTUALLY rendered card — an og:url-resolved MediaEmbedCard must still get
+    // the wide layout, not the cramped narrow one.
+    const resolveEmbed = (prev: IPreviewUrlResponse): MediaEmbed | null => {
+      if (embed) return embed;
+      const ogUrl = prev['og:url'];
+      return typeof ogUrl === 'string' && ogUrl !== url
+        ? parseMediaEmbed(ogUrl, window.location.hostname)
+        : null;
+    };
     // Twitter/Twitch/TikTok(fallback) cards render header/thumbnail beside content
     // in the card flex row; stack them on phones (no-op for the single-column
     // embed cards). Desktop keeps the row layout.
     const stackOnMobile = isTwitter(url) || isTwitch(url) || isTikTok(url);
-    const cardClass =
+    const buildCardClass = (wide: boolean): string | undefined =>
       [wide && previewCss.UrlPreviewWide, stackOnMobile && previewCss.StackOnMobile]
         .filter(Boolean)
         .join(' ') || undefined;
 
-    const renderContent = (prev: IPreviewUrlResponse): React.ReactNode => {
+    const renderContent = (
+      prev: IPreviewUrlResponse,
+      resolvedEmbed: MediaEmbed | null,
+    ): React.ReactNode => {
       // Embeddable media (YouTube/Vimeo/TikTok/Dailymotion/Streamable/Twitch/
-      // Spotify/SoundCloud/Apple Music/Tidal/Instagram/Reddit) → click-to-play tile.
+      // Spotify/SoundCloud/Apple Music/Tidal/Instagram/Reddit) → click-to-play
-      // Short "copy-link" share URLs (e.g. vm.tiktok.com, tiktok.com/t/…, youtu.be
+      // tile. `resolvedEmbed` (computed by the caller via resolveEmbed) already
-      // redirects) don't carry the id, so fall back to the canonical og:url that
+      // folds in the og:url fallback for short "copy-link" share URLs.
-      // the homeserver already resolved when fetching the preview.
-      const ogUrl = prev['og:url'];
-      const resolvedEmbed =
-        embed ??
-        (typeof ogUrl === 'string' && ogUrl !== url
-          ? parseMediaEmbed(ogUrl, window.location.hostname)
-          : null);
       if (resolvedEmbed) {
         return <MediaEmbedCard url={url} prev={prev} embed={resolvedEmbed} />;
       }
@@ -2189,17 +2221,23 @@ export const UrlPreviewCard = as<'div', { url: string; ts: number }>(
 
     // Don't render the card wrapper when content is empty (loaded but nothing to show)
     if (previewStatus.status === AsyncStatus.Success) {
-      const content = renderContent(previewStatus.data);
+      const prev = previewStatus.data;
+      const resolvedEmbed = resolveEmbed(prev);
+      const content = renderContent(prev, resolvedEmbed);
       if (content === null) return null;
+      // `wide` follows the resolved embed (incl. the og:url fallback), so a short
+      // link that resolves to a player still gets the wide layout.
+      const wide = !!resolvedEmbed || isTwitterTweet(url);
       return (
-        <UrlPreview {...props} ref={ref} className={cardClass}>
+        <UrlPreview {...props} ref={ref} className={buildCardClass(wide)}>
           {content}
         </UrlPreview>
       );
     }
 
+    // Loading/idle: no preview data yet, so base `wide` on the url-only embed.
     return (
-      <UrlPreview {...props} ref={ref} className={cardClass}>
+      <UrlPreview {...props} ref={ref} className={buildCardClass(!!embed || isTwitterTweet(url))}>
         <Box grow="Yes" alignItems="Center" justifyContent="Center">
           <Spinner variant="Secondary" size="400" />
         </Box>

src/app/utils/videoEmbed.test.ts

@@ -57,6 +57,10 @@ test('Vimeo (incl. unlisted hash + channel/group/album forms)', () => {
   assert.equal(getVimeoParts('https://vimeo.com/channels/staffpicks/76979871')?.id, '76979871');
   assert.equal(getVimeoParts('https://vimeo.com/groups/motion/videos/12345')?.id, '12345');
   assert.equal(getVimeoParts('https://vimeo.com/album/99/video/54321')?.id, '54321');
+  // a normal video with a trailing sub-path segment must NOT capture it as a hash
+  assert.equal(getVimeoParts('https://vimeo.com/123456789/likes')?.hash, undefined);
+  assert.equal(getVimeoParts('https://vimeo.com/123456789/settings')?.hash, undefined);
+  assert.equal(getVimeoParts('https://vimeo.com/123456789/likes')?.id, '123456789');
 });
 
 test('extractEmbedHeight: Instagram / Reddit / Twitter shapes', () => {
@@ -113,6 +117,7 @@ test('Dailymotion + Streamable', () => {
   assert.equal(getDailymotionId('https://dai.ly/x8abcde'), 'x8abcde');
   assert.equal(getStreamableId('https://streamable.com/abc12'), 'abc12');
   assert.equal(getStreamableId('https://streamable.com/e/abc12'), null); // already an embed path
+  assert.equal(getStreamableId('https://streamable.com/login'), null); // reserved page
 });
 
 test('Twitch: channel / video / clip', () => {
@@ -132,6 +137,10 @@ test('Twitch: channel / video / clip', () => {
     type: 'clip',
     value: 'CoolSlug',
   });
+  // reserved utility pages are not channels
+  assert.equal(getTwitchTarget('https://twitch.tv/directory'), null);
+  assert.equal(getTwitchTarget('https://twitch.tv/settings'), null);
+  assert.equal(getTwitchTarget('https://twitch.tv/videos'), null); // bare /videos, not a channel
 });
 
 test('Spotify target + height', () => {
@@ -153,6 +162,9 @@ test('SoundCloud track detection', () => {
   assert.equal(isSoundCloudTrack('https://soundcloud.com/artist'), false); // bare profile
   // on.soundcloud.com short links intentionally not handled (need oEmbed resolve)
   assert.equal(isSoundCloudTrack('https://on.soundcloud.com/abc123'), false);
+  assert.equal(isSoundCloudTrack('https://soundcloud.com/discover/xyz'), false); // site section
+  assert.equal(isSoundCloudTrack('https://soundcloud.com/artist/sets'), false); // profile-tab listing
+  assert.equal(isSoundCloudTrack('https://soundcloud.com/artist/sets/my-set'), true); // a real set
 });
 
 test('buildVideoEmbedUrl: cookie-less YouTube + Vimeo', () => {
@@ -287,6 +299,8 @@ test('Bluesky / Loom / Kick', () => {
 
   assert.equal(getKickChannel('https://kick.com/somestreamer'), 'somestreamer');
   assert.equal(getKickChannel('https://kick.com/streamer/videos/123'), null); // VOD → no embed
+  assert.equal(getKickChannel('https://kick.com/browse'), null); // nav page, not a channel
+  assert.equal(getKickChannel('https://kick.com/following'), null);
   assert.ok(
     parseMediaEmbed('https://kick.com/streamer', 'h')?.embedUrl.includes(
       'player.kick.com/streamer?autoplay=true',

src/app/utils/videoEmbed.ts

@@ -66,8 +66,10 @@ export function getVimeoParts(url: string): { id: string; hash?: string } | null
   try {
     const { hostname, pathname } = new URL(url);
     if (hostname !== 'vimeo.com' && hostname !== 'www.vimeo.com') return null;
-    // Canonical /{id} or unlisted /{id}/{hash}
+    // Canonical /{id} or unlisted /{id}/{hash}. The hash is a lowercase-hex token
-    let m = pathname.match(/^\/(\d+)(?:\/([0-9a-zA-Z]+))?/);
+    // (constrain it so a normal video's trailing segment — /likes, /settings, a
+    // review slug — isn't captured as a bogus `h=` param that Vimeo then rejects).
+    let m = pathname.match(/^\/(\d+)(?:\/([0-9a-f]{6,}))?/);
     if (m) return { id: m[1], hash: m[2] };
     // channels/groups/album share a trailing numeric video id
     m = pathname.match(/\/(?:channels\/[^/]+|groups\/[^/]+\/videos|album\/[^/]+\/video)\/(\d+)/);
@@ -192,12 +194,26 @@ export function getDailymotionId(url: string): string | null {
 
 // --- Streamable -----------------------------------------------------------
 
+// Streamable's own utility/first-path pages that are not video ids.
+const STREAMABLE_RESERVED = new Set([
+  'e',
+  'login',
+  'signup',
+  'settings',
+  'account',
+  'dashboard',
+  'help',
+  'terms',
+  'privacy',
+  'about',
+]);
+
 export function getStreamableId(url: string): string | null {
   try {
     const { hostname, pathname } = new URL(url);
     if (hostname.replace(/^www\./, '') !== 'streamable.com') return null;
     const m = pathname.match(/^\/([A-Za-z0-9]+)/);
-    return m && m[1] !== 'e' ? m[1] : null;
+    return m && !STREAMABLE_RESERVED.has(m[1].toLowerCase()) ? m[1] : null;
   } catch {
     return null;
   }
@@ -210,6 +226,32 @@ export type TwitchTarget =
   | { type: 'video'; value: string }
   | { type: 'clip'; value: string };
 
+// Twitch's own reserved first-path segments — single-segment paths that are
+// utility pages, not channels, and must NOT be embedded as `channel=<x>`.
+const TWITCH_RESERVED = new Set([
+  'directory',
+  'videos',
+  'settings',
+  'subscriptions',
+  'following',
+  'followers',
+  'friends',
+  'inventory',
+  'wallet',
+  'drops',
+  'prime',
+  'turbo',
+  'downloads',
+  'jobs',
+  'store',
+  'search',
+  'dashboard',
+  'popout',
+  'p',
+  'u',
+  'team',
+]);
+
 export function getTwitchTarget(url: string): TwitchTarget | null {
   try {
     const { hostname, pathname } = new URL(url);
@@ -219,7 +261,9 @@ export function getTwitchTarget(url: string): TwitchTarget | null {
     if (h === 'twitch.tv' || h === 'm.twitch.tv') {
       if (parts[0] === 'videos' && parts[1]) return { type: 'video', value: parts[1] };
       if (parts[1] === 'clip' && parts[2]) return { type: 'clip', value: parts[2] };
-      if (parts.length === 1 && parts[0]) return { type: 'channel', value: parts[0] };
+      if (parts.length === 1 && parts[0] && !TWITCH_RESERVED.has(parts[0].toLowerCase())) {
+        return { type: 'channel', value: parts[0] };
+      }
     }
   } catch {
     /* ignore */
@@ -248,6 +292,38 @@ export function getSpotifyEmbedTarget(url: string): { type: SpotifyType; id: str
 
 // --- SoundCloud -----------------------------------------------------------
 
+// SoundCloud's own site sections (first segment) that are never `<artist>`.
+const SOUNDCLOUD_RESERVED = new Set([
+  'discover',
+  'you',
+  'stream',
+  'search',
+  'upload',
+  'settings',
+  'notifications',
+  'messages',
+  'tags',
+  'charts',
+  'people',
+  'pages',
+  'terms',
+  'pro',
+]);
+// Profile tabs — `/<artist>/<tab>` is a listing, not a single track (a real set
+// is the deeper `/<artist>/sets/<slug>`, which has length >= 3 and is allowed).
+const SOUNDCLOUD_PROFILE_TABS = new Set([
+  'tracks',
+  'sets',
+  'albums',
+  'reposts',
+  'likes',
+  'following',
+  'followers',
+  'comments',
+  'popular-tracks',
+  'toptracks',
+]);
+
 export function isSoundCloudTrack(url: string): boolean {
   try {
     const { hostname, pathname } = new URL(url);
@@ -260,7 +336,11 @@ export function isSoundCloudTrack(url: string): boolean {
       .replace(/^\/+|\/+$/g, '')
       .split('/')
       .filter(Boolean);
-    return parts.length >= 2;
+    if (parts.length < 2) return false;
+    if (SOUNDCLOUD_RESERVED.has(parts[0].toLowerCase())) return false;
+    // `/<artist>/<tab>` profile-tab listing (not a playable single track/set).
+    if (parts.length === 2 && SOUNDCLOUD_PROFILE_TABS.has(parts[1].toLowerCase())) return false;
+    return true;
   } catch {
     return false;
   }
@@ -391,6 +471,22 @@ export function getLoomId(url: string): string | null {
 
 // --- Kick (live channels only; VODs/clips have no clean iframe) ------------
 
+// Kick's own reserved first-path segments (nav pages, not channels).
+const KICK_RESERVED = new Set([
+  'browse',
+  'following',
+  'category',
+  'categories',
+  'search',
+  'messages',
+  'subscriptions',
+  'settings',
+  'wallet',
+  'help',
+  'clips',
+  'dashboard',
+]);
+
 export function getKickChannel(url: string): string | null {
   try {
     const { hostname, pathname } = new URL(url);
@@ -399,7 +495,11 @@ export function getKickChannel(url: string): string | null {
       .replace(/^\/+|\/+$/g, '')
       .split('/')
       .filter(Boolean);
-    return parts.length === 1 && /^[A-Za-z0-9_]+$/.test(parts[0]) ? parts[0] : null;
+    return parts.length === 1 &&
+      /^[A-Za-z0-9_]+$/.test(parts[0]) &&
+      !KICK_RESERVED.has(parts[0].toLowerCase())
+      ? parts[0]
+      : null;
   } catch {
     return null;
   }